重建司法審查的正當性：原則之治－－比克爾《最小危險的部門》讀與思

Reestablish the Legitimacy of Judicial Review: The Rule of Principle-- Read and Think of Bickel’s The Least Dangerous Branch

比克爾首先逐條反駁了馬歇爾大法官在馬伯裡案中對司法審查的經典捍衛，並認為馬伯裡案中提出的正當性依據不能支撐司法審查權。其次，他提出了司法審查的反多數主義難題，認為這是司法審查的根本性難題。最後，比克爾提出了解決這一難題的辦法：司法審查致力於維持美國社會持久的價值，法院適合進行原則之治，而民選機構缺乏這種能力。司法審查不僅要捍衛原則，而且其程序應當是堅持原則的程序。最高法院在面臨案件時還應採取無為之術並且允許其他政治部門挑戰司法審查所確定的規則。由此比克爾重建了司法審查的正當性。

Firstly Bickel refutes the chief Justice Marshall’s classical defense of judicial review in Marbury and considers that it can not establish judicial review. Secondly, he advances the anti-majoritarian problem. Finally, he suggests the solution: the institution of judicial review intends to sustain the lasting value of American society. The court suits to push rule of principle and the elected branch lacks this ability. Judicial review not only will defend principle, but also has principle-oriented procedure. The supreme court should take negative measures and permit that the other political branch challenges its rule. In doing so, Bickel reestablishes the legitimacy of judicial review.