論侵權法上因果關係的事實性

On the Factuality of Causation of Tort Law

侵權法上的因果關係問題究竟是事實問題還是法律政策和價值問題，在因果關係考察二分法下存在爭議。事實上因果關係的判斷標準有廣泛的適用性，但在特定案件中的適用也會導致不合理結果，且標準本身具有反事實性。侵權法上因果關係的本質屬性是事實性，因果律和一般因果法則是個案中因果關係事實性的基礎。堅持因果關係的事實性與承認因果關係判斷中的價值和政策因素影響並不矛盾。必然因果關係說正確堅持了因果關係的事實性，卻忽略了事實認定中人的主觀因素，因其對因果關係限定過窄，實踐中不利於對被害人的保護。

Is the question of causation in tort law a question of facts or legal policy? Under the bifurcated approach, the inquiry of causation is divided into two stages, factual and legal causation. Related with the causal law and generalizations, the actual causation is more factual than the legal causation. Although legal policies play an important role to make a causation decision, especially on proximate causation, the question of causation in tort law is essentially factual. The necessity causation theory correctly acclaims the factuality of causation, but wrongly copies the concept of causation of Marxism philosophy directly. It is not conducive to the protection of victims because subjective factors are ignored and the concept of causation is limited narrowly.