心理學視角的財產與所有權分析

Psychological Aspects of Property and Ownership

對財產權利進行法律構建及政治、倫理或者經濟基礎上的歷史論證，往往是產權律師和理論學者所著力關注的，但他們很少探究財產權利潛在的心理基礎及其所帶來的深遠影響。同樣地，為解釋人類行為及人類社會的交互作用，心理學家，無論是側重個體心理學還是社會心理學，雖提供了諸多研究範式，但對財產權利鮮有涉及，即便有也只是偶然簡短的評論。早在75年前，就曾已出現一項關於財產社會心理的初步研究。本文深入個體心理學和社會心理學的近代研究，評斷某些研究結果是否能夠用於解釋財產權利存在的心理基礎及產權的重要性。這也許還開啟了這個領域最新的交叉學科研究。

Although property lawyers and theorists were always interested in the legal doctrinal construction of property rights and in political, moral, or economic justifications of property rights through the course of history, they very rarely looked into possible psychological roots of property rights and the powers they entail. Similarly, psychologists (whether with a focus on individual or social psychology) provide models for the explanation of a person’s behaviour and the social interactions of humans, but they rarely touch upon property rights at all, and if so, only in brief passing comments. The one extensive study on the social psychology of property appeared 75 years ago. This paper looks into modern research of individual and social psychology and assesses whether some of the findings can be used to explain a psychological basis for the existence and importance of property rights. That may also be a starting point for a modern interdisciplinary study in this area.