財產社會關系論

某些法律現實主義者（F.S. Cohen, Robert Hale)以及某些批判法律學者（Dunkan Kennedy, Joseph William Singer)認為財產是一組社會關系。這一獨特的觀點對財產的理解提供了或多或少有條理的視角。本文即是這些學派以外的人對此觀點加以考察的最初嘗試。這一視角既有見地也有缺點。其見地包括它使人們意識到市場、收入及財富的分配，特別是政府的規章或管理是如何以多種方式影響所有從事商務的人的。其突出缺點是，這一視角並未表明哪些社會關系構成或有助於構建財產。此外，這一視角經常建立在對強制、權力與自由的有瑕疵的分析之上。它關於自治及自我的觀點也不令人完全滿意。本文還在結尾處指出了這一視角與關於財產的政治自由主義理論（John Rawls，JeremyWaldron及Stephen R . M unzer)之間的相似性及區別。

The view that property is a set of social relations is held by some Legal Realists (F.S. Cohen, Robert Hale) and some Critical Legal Scholars ( Duncan Kennedy, Joseph William Singer). This article is the first effort by someone outside these schools to examine property as social relations as a distinctive and more or less coherent perspective on property. This perspective has both insights and flaws. The insights include an awareness of the many ways in which market forces, the distribution of income and wealth, and especially government regulation affect all who engage in commercial transactions. A salient flaw is that this perspective does not show which social relations are, or help to constitute, property. In addition, the social-relations perspective frequently rests on flawed accounts of coercion, power, and freedom. It also often adopts unsatisfactory positions on autonomy and the self. This article concludes by pointing out the similarities and differences between the social-relations perspective on property on the one hand and political-liberal theories of property (John Rawls, Jeremy Waldron, and Stephen R. Munzer) on the other hand.