德國民法典對日本民法及民法學的影響

日本民法典乃是主要繼受德國民法典而來，此為不爭之事實。作者對德國民法典影響日本民法及民法學的論述，始於德國法在立法層面上對日本法的影響， 尤其是憲法上的影響。關於日本民法典的編纂，作者承認， 最初受到了法國法的影響， 其結果是以法國民法典為藍本的“舊民法典”，但未獲如期施行。在新民法典編纂過程中， 則受到了德國民法典第一草案的壓倒性影響，這是日本在立法上從採法國法制改為採德國法制的表現，但仍保留了一定的法國法色彩。與立法相平行， 日本民法學也深受德國潘德克吞法學的影響。對於日本民法典施行後，德國民法學影響日本民法學的情況，作者分四個階段進行了較為詳細的闡述。在結論部分，作者提到了戰後日本法和法學所受的美國法的深刻影響。盡管如此，日本民法典的總則編、物權編和債權編仍舊保持著德國民法典的基本結構，這意味著德國法的影響始終是占主導地位的。

It is well-known and indisputable that Japanese Civil Code has principally received the BGB. The author’s discussion about the influences the BGB on Japanese civil law and civil law Science begins with those in the aspect of legislation, particularly in Constitution. As to the codiflcation of Japanese civil law, he admits that at first it was influenced by French law, the result of which was the so-called old civil code, following the model of Code civil. However it has not been put into force as scheduled. In the process of codifying the new civil code, it was overwhelmingly influenced by the First Draft of the BGB. That was a manifestation of changing from adopting French legal System into adopting German legal System legislatively. At the same time however, some French characteristics have been reserved. Parallel to the legislation, the Japanese civil law Science has also been influenced profoundly by the German Pandectist method. The author divides the process of German civil law Science’s influencing that of Japan into four stages and points out that after the Second World War Japanese law and legal Science have been greatly influenced by US law. Nevertheless, the General Part, property and the law of obligations in the Japanese Civil Code remain the same as the basic structure of BGB, implicating that the influences of German law remain to be dominating.