錢穆《雙溪獨語》思理之研探

A Study of the Thinking in Qian Mu’s Double Creek Soliloquies

《獨語》和《語錄》不同。後者是段落性的短語，不自成篇章；前者是階段性的文章，可以自成篇什。錢穆《雙溪獨語》，雖為散列，仍能獨立成體，這因《獨語》所寫，仍為文章之作，始末之間，首尾一貫，是不覺突兀。雖論辨儒道、儒佛，禮教及文學賞鑑，剖解開來，對於儒道的辨析則較深沉。蓋以錢穆認定中國文化的主體仍在儒家，不論德性之知或聞見之知，終極皆在成人。以是人學的意涵在篇章中述之猶多，簡如五倫之教，仁者之行，及處世禮儀都不厭其煩申說，只以人的價值確立，進之明德，遠之親民，皆能順以致之，而由人的價值以觀，雖小說戲曲中的愛情、婚姻，亦莫不如此。乃知讀《獨語》之作，非僅欣悅錢穆之語，對儒家的認知亦有更深入的理解。

＂Soliloquies＂ are different from Quotations. The latter is a collection of a person's sayings in phrases and sentences, and cannot form any essay or article, whereas the former is a collection of a person's thoughts at different stages of life, and can exist as complete essays or articles. Although Qian Mu's ＂Double Creek Soliloquies＂ consist of different essays, they can still become independent articles because the essays in ＂Soliloquies＂ were still articles in complete form. Between them, there is a connection and no absurdity at all since the ending of the previous soliloquy connects with the beginning of the next one. ＂Soliloquies＂ contain discussions and arguments for Confucian Daoism, Confucian Buddhism, feudal code of ethics, and appreciation of literary works. Through detailed analysis of them, ＂Soliloquies＂ had more in-depth ideas and concepts on Confucian Daoism. In fact Qian Mu thought that the core of Chinese culture is still Confucianism. No matter the knowledge of moral virtue or the knowledge out of what is heard or seen, the ultimate function is to make a full-grown person well behaved. Therefore, in ＂Soliloquies＂ there are quite a lot of articles about the knowledge that man should learn, such as teachings of the five Confucian virtues, behaviors of benevolent people, and proper etiquette and conduct of a person in society. Contents of such kind repeatedly appear in ＂Soliloquies＂. They were all established from the value of man. Both the closer concept of bright virtues and the remoter concept of loving of people are developed in this way and viewed from the value of man. Even the love and marriage in Chinese fictions and traditional operas are also presented in this way. After reading the work ＂Soliloquies＂, readers not only can appreciate the sayings of Qian Mu, but also can have a deeper understanding and perception of Confucianism.