從契約型政府全球化的趨勢看治理績效：我國高速公路ETC外包的策略分析在執行過程中所面臨的問題

Examining the Governing Performance through the Trend of Globalization of Government by Contract: Strategic Analysis of Outsourcing Highway ETC and Problems

在過去幾十年，各國政府外包給私人行為的工作成為一個重要部分，在廣泛監管及決策機制下，契約型政府逐漸形成核心功能，由於各國政府面臨預算、人力專業與效率等因素，政府契約外包成為一種新的理論思維，新公共管理理論與治理理論相結合產物。美國學者Freeman及Minow于2009年以「契約型政府」一書，闡述政府將其許多公共職能轉移給私部門的外包現象分析甚為深入。本文試圖從新自由主義評析公部門全球化下治理的效益、「政府失靈」邁向「契約型政府」的省思、新行政改革使政府與私部門結合營造治理最大的效益、以及全球化下政府利用外包達成治理的策略四個要素，討論我國外包的內涵與執行並加予剖析。以我國高速公路ETC收費外包決策及執行做個案觀察，就其外包模式涉及的層面，政府與私部門之間的互動，及政策制定過程的角度來剖析我國在全球化下政府利用外包達成治理成效及產生的問題，並提出解決對策。

In the past decades, outsourcing becomes the pivot of governmental affairs around the world. Under the extensive monitoring and decision-making mechanism, contract government gradually becomes one of the essential functions. Due to limited budget, human resources profession, efficiency, and other factors, outsourcing has become a new kind of theoretical thinking, combining new public management theories and governing theories. Freeman and Minow, 2009, scholars from Harvard University in the United States, elucidated the phenomenon of outsourcing public competency to private sectors by using the term of “Government by Contract”. In this article, in terms of new liberalism, the author tries to analyze, through the trend of global politics innovation, the evaluation of the effectiveness of governance under globalization in the public sectors, introspection from “Government Failure” to “Government by Contract”, the biggest benefits generated by the new administrative reform after public and private sectors’ cooperation, and the strategy of applying outsourcing to facilitate governance under globalization, to discuss the essence of outsourcing and its implementation in Taiwan. Finally, by observing the decision-making process and implementation of outsourcing highway ETC in Taiwan, and analyzing all aspects related to outsourcing and the interaction between public and private sectors as well as decision-making process, we can evaluate and analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of our governance by means of outsourcing under globalization and provide suitable solutions for the generated problems.