香港、新加坡、馬來西亞中學歷史和社會教科書視野下的臺灣歷史──兼論其對發展國際交流教材的啟示

Taiwan History from the Perspectives of History and Social Studies Textbooks in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia and Revelations for Developing Teaching Materials for International Exchanges

教科書為學校裡傳播最為普遍的文化媒介，外國學生透過本國教科書以形成臺灣意象，若能瞭解國外教科書，將有助於發展更切合該國學生的教材。因此，本文選取與臺灣中小學進行國際交流的華人地區，包括香港、新加坡、馬來西亞，旨在探討該地區中學歷史和社會教科書中的臺灣歷史，進而對發展跨國交流教材提供參考建議。根據本文分析結果，歸納出四個結論：一、臺灣史各時期敘寫份量不一：清末與兩岸關係較多、臺灣早期較少、缺少日本統治時期；二、地圖中的臺灣島：有形無名、隱而不見或變形；三、臺灣史劃歸為中國史或世界史的見解歧異；四、涵蓋的歷史人物和事件很有限。並針對發展這些地區跨國交流教材提出四點建議：適切地認識臺灣、教材中介紹兩岸關係的觀點、基於教科書分析以連結交流國與臺灣的關係、介紹獨特臺灣史以永續拓展臺灣資產。

Textbooks are the most common cultural media in schools. By studying about Taiwan in textbooks developed in their own countries, students in other countries gradually form an impression of Taiwan. Studying their textbooks and properly managing the impression presented would allow us to help influence the impression of Taiwan students in other countries form. This paper aims to explore how Taiwan history is presented in history and social studies textbooks of Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia and to offer suggestions for developing teaching materials for international exchanges. To achieve the above-mentioned goals, research textbooks have been selected from Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia, in particular, those by organizations which have international exchanges with Taiwan schools. The history and social studies textbooks are for secondary schools. The analytical framework consists of temporal and content dimensions. The former is to inquire which periods of Taiwan history are introduced. The latter is to examine the potential discoursal effects based on the analytical category. The results contribute to the understanding of the impression of Taiwan history presented in the textbooks of other countries and to the development of teaching materials for international exchanges in these areas.