歐盟法“標準必要專利”侵權與反壟斷強制許可抗辯－－以“華為訴中興”案為研究的切入點

“Standard Essential Patents” Infringement and Antitrust Defense on Compulsory Licensing under EU Law--An Analysis of “Huawei v. ZTE” Case

歐盟法下“濫用市場支配地位”抗辯如何運用於“標准必要專利”侵權之訴的問題在“華為訴中興”案中得到了充分體現。鑒於目前德國的“橘皮書標準案”規則自身存在不足，且其與歐盟法規則存在潛在衝突。再加之歐盟法目前尚缺乏足夠明確且具有約束力的相關判例，故本案極具代表性和研究價值。本案中極可能誕生新的歐盟法規則，且這將對歐盟法“標準必要專利”侵權與反壟斷強制許可抗辯問題產生重要的影響。建議新規則採取分步適用的做法，從而細化《歐盟運行條約》第102條在“標準必要專利”濫用市場支配地位方面的適用。除此之外，結合特定的政策考量，歐盟法規則對於完善我國在該領域的立法、執法和司法制度均具有良好的參考價值。

The issue on how to apply the “abuse of market dominance” defense to the alleged “ standard essential patents” infringement under the EU law has been raised in “Huawei v. ZTE”. Whereas the current German “Orange Book Standard” rule has its own shortcomings and is potentially in conflict with the EU rules and the EU law still lacks binding and clear rules concerning the raised disputes, this case is representative and of high research value. The new EU rules may be created from this case, and it will have critical influence to “standard essential patents” infringement and antitrust defense on compulsory licensing. It is suggested that the new rule should adopt a three-fold test so as to specializing how Art. 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European applies to the abuse of dominant market positions of “standard essential patents”. Moreover, combining specific policy considerations, the EU rule is also a useful reference for improving China’s legal system as to the same topic.