“市場經濟地位”之國際法辨析《加入議定書》與中國“市場經濟地位”

Analysis of “Market Economy Status” under International Law Context--Accession Protocol and China’s “Market Economy Status”

隨著2016年中國《加入議定書》第15條規定的“終止性條款”生效，針對中國的反傾銷、反補貼特殊規則，尤其是“替代國”等方法失去了議定書條款依據，而現有WTO協定又沒有公認的可支持這一歧視性做法的相關條款。因此，WTO成員方應當徹底摒棄所謂的“市場經濟地位”條款，嚴格依據《反傾銷協定》和《補貼與反補貼協定》的相關規定，公平地對中國企業開展反傾銷、反補貼調查。但2016年後，基於自身利益的考量，在中國“市場經濟地位”問題上，美國、歐盟等西方國家不會善罷甘休，《反傾銷協定》和《補貼與反補貼協定》條款中的一些“模糊”空間，還可能被它們用作“替代國”等歧視性方法的依據，對此，中國應當充分運用國際法理論、WTO規則以及WTO司法實踐經驗，維護自身正當、合法貿易利益。

With the coming of 2016 (the time when“The Terminating Clause” of Article 15 in China’s Accession Protocol will take into effect), the special rules in anti-dumping and countervailing investigation, especially‘ the surrogate country’ method will lose their legal base in accession protocol. And there is no acknowledged WTO rule which can justify this discriminatory method. Accordingly ,WTO members should thoroughly abandon “Market Economic Status” (MES) clause, and make fair anti-dumping or countervailing investigation against Chinese enterprises strictly abiding by Anti-dumping Agreement and Agreement on Subsides and Countervailing Measures. After 2016, on the issue of China’s MES, U. S and EU will not surrender their benefits, some obscure space existing in Anti-dumping Agreement and Agreement on Subsides and Countervailing Measures may be used by them to justify their discriminatory method. To cope with this situation, China should research and utilize international law, WTO rules and WTO judicial practices to defend its proper and legitimate benefits.