傳教士子女在中國：十九世紀內地會與芝罘學校的創立

Missionary Children in China: China Inland Mission and the Foundation of the Chefoo Schools in Late of Nineteenth Century

中外學界對於基督教在華傳播史的討論，鮮少關注傳教士子女在中國的成長歷程；其中，關於教育事業的課題，更聚焦在教授中國學生的機構，對於過往曾設立專門招收傳教士子女及外僑子弟的學校，往往略而不談。由於傳教士子女的教育問題，與傳教士家庭在中國的日常生活密不可分，更牽涉當時傳教士父母看待子女在中國長大的心態。究竟他們是將自己對於中國的想像，與信仰福音的期待，附加到孩子們的童年上？抑或採行一種截然不同於中國文化的教導方式？本文藉由在十九世紀後期，內地會為其傳教士子女設立芝罘學校的教育及活動為研究主題，探索傳教士家庭的育兒問題，及其子女在中國接受英制教育的養成過程。並從芝罘學校在近代中國設立的歷史緣由，深入追蹤內地會傳教士家庭在中國生活期間，面臨的子女教養需求，以及內地會設校的考量，與其在中國發展的關連性。

The issue about how missionary children grew up in the country where their parents worked particularly in Modern China has been long neglected in the missionary history either in Chinese or English literature. How missionary children were educated during their childhood and youth? What did they learn in Chinese surroundings when they were young? How did those missionaries also as parents look at the education of their children? This article is primarily concerned with the education and activities in the Chefoo School which was established in late nineteenth-century China. In considering the childhood of the missionary children, some following questions were arisen, such as how missionary parents raised children in China, what kind of courses were offered for these children, educated in the Chefoo Schools. It is hoped that this article may lead to understanding of the historical reasons of the Chefoo Schools that was established in the North China by James H. Taylor in 1881 and the history of western children educated in China. In addition, the findings of this research would contribute to realize educational problems troubled those missionary parents in inland provinces of China and the development of the China Inland Mission.