《史記》表序與屬辭比事

The explaining by relevant comparison of the prefaces of ten forms in ＂Shi-Ji＂

《史記》，為司馬遷私淑孔子，竊比《春秋》而成。其目的，在究天人之際，通古今之變，成一家之言。十表經緯時間與人物，補紀傳體之不足，是整部《史記》具體而微之縮影。表序原為闡釋十表而作，在古文選本的推波助瀾中，成為《史記》評點之焦點，各家說法不一。本文請循其本，以《春秋》屬辭比事角度切入，考察《史記》表序之其事、其文、其義。而得表序之比事，可以漢興為界：〈三代世表〉、〈十二諸侯年表〉、〈六國年表〉、〈秦楚之際月表〉四篇序，比事明確，以古喻今，提出王道之理想。漢興以後諸表，則以〈漢興以來諸侯王年表〉為核心，闡明王道當以仁義為本，其餘各表序為延伸說明。而各表序之間，更可透過兩兩對照，相互比事，觀察出太史公對當代的諫言與批判。故《史記》表序之屬辭比事，符合《春秋》隱桓之際則章，定哀之際則微之規律，而有太史公微言大義之寄託。

The writing methods of ＂Shi-Ji＂ imitate ＂Chun-Qiu＂ by Confucius. The most important way to read ＂Chun-Qiu＂ is explaining by relevant comparison. The form in ＂Shi-Ji＂ is another form of expression. Therefore, the prefaces of ten forms are important chapters of whole book. This study using explaining by relevant comparison, analyze the writing method of the prefaces of ten forms in ＂Shi-Ji＂. It explains Sima Qian's writing keynote lies in the comparison of the prefaces of ten forms in ＂Shi-Ji＂.