《楚辭》屈宋用韻的數理統計分析－－兼論「上古楚方音特色」之可信度

Analysis of the Rhyme of ＂Qu Song＂ in ＂Chuci＂ Through Mathematical Statistics: Examination of the Credibility of Phonetic Features of ＂Archaic＂ Chu Dialect

研究上古楚地韻語、通假字、標音字的學者不少，對於同時期、同地域，性質或同或異的古籍或出土文獻，諸家所得到的語音特徵卻往往大相逕庭。本文在前人的研究基礎之上以「數理統計法」研究屈宋用韻，全文除檢討「侯魚」、「東陽」、「支歌」、「冬東」、「真文」等楚音特色；也指出由於共時、歷時的語音認識不足，材料性質的混雜，文本的真偽未加以考察，統計方法的使用過於粗疏，皆使得所謂「楚音特色」曖昧難明。從「數理統計」上看，屈宋用韻不同於過去古韻分部的特點在「支歌」、「物月」、「真文」等合韻；藉由屈宋韻語所整理出的「音系」並不是「非華夏語」的「楚言」，而是「雅言」在「歷時音變」和「非華夏語」交互影響下所產生的楚地變體。

Many studies have investigated rhymes, Interchangeable Characters, and phonetic characters in the ＂archaic＂ Chu-dialect region. However, they have different conclusions of phonetic features. The study set out to systematically analyze the rhyme of ＂Qu Song＂ with mathematical statistics and probed into phonetic features of ＂archaic＂ Chu dialect such as ＂Hou Yu＂(侯魚), ＂Dong Yang＂(東陽), ＂Zhi Ge＂(支歌), ＂Dong Dong＂(冬東), ＂Zhen Wen＂(真文). Moreover, the study indicated that poor credibility of phonetic features of ＂archaic＂ Chu dialect was due to lack of understanding of synchronic and diachronic phonetics, confusion of various materials, low authenticity of texts, and inappropriate application of statistic approaches. The findings show that differences of the rhyme of ＂Qu Song＂ from a branch of the traditional ＂archaic＂ rhyme are shown in the rhyme merger such as ＂Zhi Ge＂ (支歌), ＂Wuy Ue＂ (物月), and ＂Zhen Wen＂ (真文). This ＂archaic＂ sounds system is not ＂archaic Chu lauguage＂ of ＂non-Chinese languages＂, but ＂Yayan (Koine) ＂a transformed language generated from the interplay of ＂diachronic sound changes＂ and ＂non-Chinese languages＂ in the Chu-dialect region.