育有特殊幼兒大陸籍媽媽早期療育經驗之探究

Exploring the Early Intervention Experience of Mainland China Mothers of Children with Special Needs

隨著兩岸人民互動交流頻繁，婚嫁來台的大陸女性配偶，也成為台灣主要的新住民族群。她們在來台最初幾年需要個人生活適應之際，常隨即扮演為人母的角色，如果孩子有發展遲緩的狀況，無疑是雙重負荷。除了特殊幼兒家庭可能遭遇的挑戰，影響大陸籍媽媽調適的因素為何？其家庭早期療育的需求為何？獲得支持的情形如何？值得深入瞭解。本研究採質性研究，立意取樣徵得十二位育有特殊幼兒的大陸籍媽媽參與，以深度訪談、參與觀察、文件蒐集等方法蒐集資料。研究結果如下：一、早期療育經驗：（一）十一位大陸籍媽媽肯定早期療育成效，有七位(58.3%)媽媽在懷孕過程或孩子出生便發現異常，卻經歷相當時間的徬徨無助。（二）媽媽們對孩子的特殊需求有資訊或支持不足的情形，但仍堅強面對，付出時間心力協助孩子復健或就學；只有一位幼兒因家在山上交通不便沒有復健治療。（三）一位曾在兩岸接受復健幼兒的母親，覺得大陸診斷、評估到復健有效率，台灣設備福利佳，但去醫院等待花太多時間。（四）六位在早療日托班和特殊班就讀幼兒的母親對孩子的進步滿意，其他幼兒母親則多有擔憂。二、支持系統與早期療育需求：（一）社工師與老師能提供協助與資訊，親人、其他家長、民間社福團體、教會等，都發揮支持的力量。（二）早期療育需求包括教養需求、經濟需求、擔憂孩子未來在融合教育環境的適應等。

With the increasing interaction across Taiwan straits, the Mainland China female spouses became a major immigrant group in Taiwan. In the first few years requiring energy to adjust their new life, they soon became mothers of young children. When they had children with special needs, it was no doubt a double load for them. To support mothers from Mainland China who had children with special needs might require deeper understandings of how they faced their challenges, what factors affected their adjustment, and what their needs were. A qualitative research design with semi-structured, in-depth interviews and participant observation were applied. Results of this study revealed that: (1) Eleven mothers of children with special needs affirmed the effectiveness of early intervention. However, it was worth noting that seven (58.3%) participants whose children appeared abnormal during pregnancy or after birth, had experienced a long period of helplessness. (2) Although the mothers of children with special needs often lacked information or support, they still showed great perseverance in the face of difficulty and took a lot of time and effort to assist in the rehabilitation services and schooling of their children. Only one child who lived on the mountain didn't receive rehabilitation because of inaccessibility of transportation. (3) One mother who had received early intervention in both Mainland China and Taiwan noted that the early intervention systems in Mainland China were more efficient from diagnosis, evaluation to rehabilitation. On the other hand, the equipments and welfare in Taiwan were better, but it took time to receive early intervention services. (4) Six mothers of children in early intervention or special education classes were content with their children's progress, while other mothers whose children were not in these settings showed concerns about their children's future. In regard to the findings of support systems and needs: (1) Mainland China mothers had various kinds of support from social workers, teachers, relatives, other parents and churches, etc. (2) They needed more support in child care and finance, and had concerns about their children's educational placement and adjustment in the future.