外國人參政權的法理與實踐

The Theory and Reality of Foreigners’ Right to Suffrage

就歐陸而言，二次大戰死傷慘重，青壯勞動人力大量的缺乏。戰爭結束後因為戰後廢墟重建的需要，不得不引進大量的勞力。如德國有大量的土耳其勞工，法國則有大量的北非勞工。這些長期在移民國家中工作，但也為其建設貢獻勞力。這些移民者應該如何對待，也成為這些國家的重要問題。雖然國際人權公約保障一般人類的權利，外國人應受平等對待，但這並不表示其與本國人應受相同對待，本國人與外國人在某些基本權利行使上，有區別「本質」之必要。例如有關選舉權、服公職等專屬本國人之權利，乃自外國人之個人基本權利之保障中予以排除，外國人無權主張異議。然而，有些歐洲國家還是在地方選舉中賦予永住移民選舉權。本文旨在探討賦予永住移民選舉權的法理與實踐。

Although the international human rights treaty generally protects the equal rights of foreigners as opposed to nationals, it does not necessarily mean that the foreigner and nationals should be exactly treated equally. In general, the foreigners and nationals possess different character in terms of exercise of their right, such as right to suffrage or serve as public servant, etc. Yet, some European states has granted the permanent residents to have the right to suffrage of local election. This article discusses with the topic on whether foreigner‘s right to suffrage will contribute to the social harmony and its identify to the states through data collected by positive research and how does it effect to the development of democracy and human right of a state.