南北韓加入聯合國與國際法

The Korea's Joining of UN and International Law

韓國原本是一個獨立國家，但1910年遭日本併吞，而美英中三國在《開羅宣言》中明確指出：日本投降後，朝鮮半島將獲得自由獨立。但由於美蘇兩國冷戰開始，導致朝鮮半島自1948年起分裂為南北韓迄今。韓國現行1987年憲法第三條規定「大韓民國之領土及於朝鮮半島及其附屬島嶼」，並主張其為有權代表朝鮮半島及其人民的唯一合法政府，而北韓的《朝鮮民主主義人民共和國憲法》也聲稱其有權代表朝鮮半島全體。如果說過去東、西德是採納「一個民族，兩個國家，兩個政府」的政策，則南、北韓可說是採取「一個朝鮮半島，一個國家」的「一個民族、一個國家、兩個政府」的政策。本文旨在探討在雙方的此種主張下，南北韓如何透過國際法的解釋同時加入聯合國。

North and South Korean were once an independent country before it was annexed by Japan in 1910. After WWII, the Cairo Declaration has stated that once the Japanese government surrenders, the Korean Peninsula would also be independent. However, since the cold war period, the Korean peninsula has always been divided into North and South Korea. According to article 3 of the Constitution of South Korea, the territory of the Republic of Korea shall consist of all Korean Peninsula and its adjacent islands and shall represent all people resided in the Peninsula; on the other hand, the Constitution of North Korean has also had a similar statement. If one can conclude that the example of East and West Germany were divided under the policy of ＂one ethnic, two nations, and two governments＂; the situation of North-South Korea will be under the policy of ＂one ethnic, one nation, and two government＂. This article will provide analysis on how both countries advocate and join the United Nations under international law.