從原住民族的文化權內涵評原創條例－－以國際法觀點出發

Comment on the Protection Act for the Traditional Intellectual Creations of Indigenous Peoples－from Indigenous Cultural Right Perspective in International Law

原住民族智慧創作保護條例（簡稱：原創條例）的制訂，對於保護原住民族的傳統智慧創作、文化成果之表達有顯著的貢獻。因為其不同於西方的著作權制度，其權利主體以及權利保護期間皆具體反應了原住民族權利的特點。然而，若從原創條例的立法目的：保護原住民族之傳統智慧創作、促進原住民族文化發展觀之，仍有美中不足之處。究其實，在於其未能真正以部落文化為主體，以致條例內容在應用上仍沿用傳統的著作權之觀念，以及主流社會的遊戲規則。既然原創條例之制訂是為了促進原住民族文化發展，以原住民族的「文化權」內涵來充實原創條例，應屬當然與可行之方向。本文主要以國際法上的文化權內涵為論述主軸，探討文化權之性質，並了解原住民族文化權之建構目的、文化權之根基。最後，秉持原創條例應為部落文化主權體現之精神，對於原創條例提出幾點建議。

The Protection Act for the Traditional Intellectual Creations of Indigenous Peoples makes great contributions to indigenous traditional intellectual creations and cultural expressions; however, the Act does not truly reflect tribal culture and it still uses traditional Copyright concept and other rules in the mainstream society. In order to fulfill the goal of the Act, promoting indigenous culture, this article gives suggestions to this act by interpreting indigenous cultural rights. There are bountiful international law document discussing indigenous cultural right, including International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, which Taiwan ratified in 2009. Therefore, this article tries to discuss the character of cultural right, the goal of establishing indigenous cultural right, and where the indigenous cultural right is based on before gives suggestions to the Protection Act for the Traditional Intellectual Creations of Indigenous Peoples.