重看不重用？！－－從美國經驗論我國應用美術作品可著作性之判斷

A Comparative Study on the Copyrightability of Applied Art in Taiwan and the U.S.

應用美術作品除具有美術鑑賞功能外，重視作品之實用功能。正因應用美術兼具藝術性與實用性雙重特徵，應用美術作品成為著作權客體之資格受到各界質疑。舊時我國著作權法對於美術著作之保護解釋上僅限於純美術作品，1990年代實務雖然逐漸將保護範圍擴及應用美術，卻仍舊以作品之量產與否限制具工業性格之應用美術作品成為美術著作。近期我國實務雖屏棄量之判斷，回歸原創性審視之趨勢，惟尚存若干疑慮。首先，產量作為應用美術作品可著作性之判準是否真不適當，理由為何？又，原創性之判斷是否及於作品之實用性部分？若否，如何區隔以排除之？美國立法、行政與司法三大體系長久以來就應用美術作品可著作性議題累積相當程度之經驗，尤其司法實務構築可分性法則，透過物理與觀念上之區別標準辨識應用美術作品當中堪為美術著作之範圍，頗具參考價值。緣此，本文擬於介紹應用美術之國際意義後，希冀藉由對美國法經驗之觀察與分析，尋求我國應用美術作品可著作性議題之解方，以供未來立法與實務參鑑。

In addition to the artistic feature, the utilitarian feature also plays a significant role for works of applied art. Because of utility, however, the copyrightability of applied artwork has become debatable. In the long past, copyright protection on artistic work has been limited to works of fine art. Even though legal precedents in Taiwan have later granted copyright to authors of applied artworks in the 1990s, the copyrightability has still been limited by the productiveness and the industrialization of a work. In recent years, courts and the Intellectual Property Office in Taiwan has the tendency to determine the copyrightability of applied artworks only with originality, yet some issues still stay unsettled. For instance, is it really inadequate to make productiveness a threshold for the copyrightbility of applied art? Should the originality be examined on the utility feature of an applied artwork? If the answer were “no”, how to identify the utility feature from artistic feature? The legislative, the administrative, and the juridical systems of the U.S. have accumulated considerable experience on the copyrightbility of applied art which is worth learning for Taiwan. The judicial system of the U.S., especially, has established the separability doctrine which is at least for now deemed to be effective to identify the artistic feature of a work. Following the introduction of the common definition of applied art internationally, this article will thus try to find workable solutions for the copyrightability of applied art in Taiwan by making a comparative study on the U.S. legal experience.