盜竊罪“非法佔有目的”對象芻義

On the Object of the Intent of Illegal Possession

德日刑法判例與學說均否認盜竊罪的非法佔有必須是永久或長久的佔有。在不以長久佔有為目的拿走物品的情形下，行為人所意圖非法佔有的究竟是什麼？尤其是在以返還意圖取得財物的佔有的情形下，例如拿走被害人財物隱瞞財物來源向其售賣或者向其勒索贖金，可否認定非法佔有目的，頗具爭議。關於非法佔有的對象德國刑法的通說是以物的存在形式為主、（狹義的）物的價值說為輔的“綜合說”。本文倡導利用這一理論對盜竊罪的非法佔有目的所針對的對象進行界定，並針對上述情形提出以盜竊罪的規範保護目的思想認定狹義的物的價值說中的“特殊價值”，以維護盜竊罪構成要件輪廓的清晰。與此相關，針對我國近年學界聚訟的盜竊信用卡並使用行為、針對財產性利益的“盜竊”等問題，此種探討也引入了一個新的視角。

The case Law in German and Japan deng that the illegal possession of theft must be the long duration possession. When taking an object away without the purpose of long duration possession, what on earth does the perpetrator intend to possess illegally? Especially in the case of obtaining the pos session of the property with the intent to return, for example, it is extremely difficult to give a clear answer to the following question: has the perpetrator the intent of illegal possession, wenn he takes away the property of the victim and then sells the property to the victim concealing the source of the property or asking the victim for a ransom, About the object of illegal possession, the common theory in German criminal law is the so called ‘synthetical theory’(in German: Vereinigungstheorie) which is based on the existence of the object and also consider the theory of the value of the property (narrowly defined). This paper advocates the use of this theory to define the object of the illegal possession of theft in solving the above — mentioned case. In order to guarantee that the outline of the elements of theft is clear, the author advocates to define the ‘special value’ in the meaning of the narrow value theory according to the protection aim of the norm (in German: Zweck des Normschutz) of theft. Related to this, this paper has also introduced a new perspective in discussing the controversial problems such as stealing and using the credit card, for ‘theft’ of the interests of property and so on.