從人力資本與勞動市場區隔觀點探討非自願離職者再就業的決定因素－－洛基對數線性分析

The Determinants of Reemployment among The Workers of Involuntary Job Loss Based on The Human Capital and Labor Market Segmentation Theory: Logit Log-liner analysis

台灣自1996年以來因資遣而導致失業人數增加所引發的失業問題，隨著景氣低迷而日益惡化，目前台灣失業問題已成為各界關心的焦點。本研究以人力資本與勞動市場區隔觀點探討非自願離職者再就業之決定因素，並以洛基對數線性模型探討何種特質的非自願離職者較易在職場上再就業，最後據此建立適當的解釋模型。本研究實證結果發現，教育程度、性別、前次行業、前次公司規模與年齡為再就業與否之主要決定因素。因此實證研究支持人力資本為決定員工再就業主要因素。

Countries around the globe recognize the concept of unemployment. Corporate restructuring, acquisitions and mergers, and structural changes in the nature of work itself have led to many downsizing and company closings in recent years. One outcome of these events has been an increase in the number of individuals experiencing job loss. Moreover, unemployment has been shown to be a stressful life experience that is associated with lower levels of psychological and physical health, and increased marital conflict. Since 1996, the layoff winds up the increase of unemployed and getting worse along with the recession. So far, the problem of unemployment in Taiwan becomes a concerned issue. Compared to the other unemployment reason, the layoff older and low-education, therefore, it is hard to transfer the job. The increase in downsizing and company closings over the past decade has been accompanied by an increase in the research of job loss. Much research has shown that individual moving from unemployment into employment generally experience increased well-being. This study combines human capital and labor market segmentation theory to explore the determinants of reemployment among the worker of involuntary job loss. The data for this study are derived from 2001 Taiwan Manpower Survey Statistics of Executive Yuan (TMSS). TMSS which was conducted by the Directorate-general of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS) every month to collect data on the civilian population aged 15 and older that includes the structure of manpower, employment and unemployment. The survey data are used to set socioeconomic development programs and manpower policies. The sampling method was a two-stage stratified random sampling method. Samples here were screened from the survey collected in May of 2001, and were limited to participants who worked in the private sector and lost jobs due to plant closings and have been laid off in previous work situations. Some participants successfully returned to the labor market during the period of the survey. The sample consisted of 706 participants. In statistical analysis, all independent variables were treated as dichotomous variables, and contingency coefficients were computed. The logit log-liner model analysis was used to predict employed status. Building on prior academic research concerning human capital and labor market segmentation theory, we proposed six hypotheses. Human capital variables measured the sex, marriage status education, age, and the scale of former company of the participants. Market segmentation variables measured the former industry and former occupation of the participants .Our results show that certain sets of variables, namely human capital and market segmentation variables, have significant influence on reemployment. Individuals who are college or above, female, workers in manufacturing industry, previously worked in large organizations and younger are more likely to have higher probabilities of reemployment. By contrast, individuals who worked in construction industry, male, previously worked in small organization, or older had more difficulty finding the next job. Overall, the study supported the usefulness of human capital in explaining the reemployment. The pattern of results provides partial support for our market segmentation variables. The inconsistent result in which unemployed women have higher probabilities of reemployment than do men is probabilities due to the sample characteristics. Women as a group tend to be concentrated in traders and service occupation while more men tend to work in the construction industry resulting in higher reemployed probability for women in the present study. Little evidence in the past literature supports that individuals who have former work experience in small organizations are less likely to be reemployed compared with the average, considering the human capital theory, we speculate that these unemployed job seekers may be deficient in specific skills or qualifications. This inference needs further examination. The aim of this study is to examine predictors of reemployment among involuntarily job loss. This study contributed a lot understanding of some predictors of reemployment among involuntarily job loss. However, some different mechanisms behind voluntary and involuntary unemployment need further examination with more conscientious research design and comparison.