墾丁海域休閒潛水常見之運動傷害及意外調查與分析

The investigation and analysis of the sports injuries and accidents of recreational scuba diving in Kenting ocean

本研究目的主要在調查墾丁海域休閒潛水教練本身較常發生的傷害或意外及分析潛水周遭環境可能的潛在危機，希望結果能相關單位或從業人員做參考。本研究採用隨機抽樣法，調查工作地點在屏東縣墾丁地區之潛水店家之50位教練作潛水常見的傷害及意外。研究結果顯示從事潛水教練的以男性居多，佔了 86%；而教練群的平均年齡為37.7±8.8歲；居住地則以屏東縣居多。教練平均潛 水經驗為14.4±6.8年；平均工作經驗為12.7±6.5年；平均每年潛水氣瓶數為 209.1±63.7瓶，且其持有證照張數大約分佈在3張與2張居多，50位教練中擁有 PADI的有47位，SSI有30位，ADS有24位，NAUI有16位。教練群較常遇到的前五大傷害為外傷與生物螫傷、耳壓、海上漂流、糾纏（例如漁網、海藻）及嗆水。傷害發生時的處置部分，大部分的教練受傷時，都幾乎採用馬上就醫的處置，但有些是視當時的狀況而定，但也有別的教練對於自己的傷勢完全不予理會。歸納調查結果及教練經驗可得墾丁海域生物螫傷部分最常發生於水母、水螅，建議可用胺水或乾淨尿液做初步治療。另外休閒潛水中減壓症的發生並不常 見，多半是發生在教練因為要救人或是有緊急事故需急速上升；而假設有類似狀況，需小心事發後1〜2小時的發病時間，以儘速送醫為原則。

The purposes of this study were to investigate the common injuries of leisure diving and to analyze the latent risks and dangers in the surrounding area of Kenting ocean. We hope that this study can be used as a reference by correlated units and people in this profession.The subjects were 50 diving coaches who worked in Kenting, Pingtung. These divers were chosen randomly. 86% of these divers were male. The average age of the coaches was 37.7±8.8 yrs. The average diving experience of the coaches was 14.4±6.8 yrs. The average teaching experience of the coaches was 12.7±6.5 yrs. The average number of scuba tanks used per year was 209.1±63.7. These coaches mostly have 2 or 3 different professional diving licenses. 47 coaches have PADI certificates, 31 of them have SSI certificates, 24 have ADS certificates and 16 have NAUI certificates. The five most common injuries or accidents were contusions, animal stings, loss of equilibrium, injuries due to current flow or entanglement and suffocation. The most common response when the coaches were injured was to go to hospital immediately. But in some circumstances they chose to ignore it. Their decision was probably influenced by the severity of the injury. According to the study results and the experience of the coaches, most of the stings were inflicted by Jellyfishes or Hydroids. We recommend applying urine or ammonia on the injured area as preliminary treatment. Decompression sickness rarely occurs in recreational scuba diving. Most of them happen during rescues or rapid ascension due to emergency. The diver should take necessary precautions after rapid ascension since symptoms often do not begin to appear for at least an hour and the diver should go to the hospital as soon as possible.