建立愛文芒果花粉體外發芽的新配方與篩選防治炭疽病的低毒性農藥

Establishing a Novel Formula for In Vitro Pollen Germination and Screening for Low Toxicity Pesticides for Anthracnose Disease Control for ‘Irwin’ Mangos

本研究的目的在建立'愛文'芒果體外花粉發芽的新方法與篩選低毒性防治芒果炭疽病的農藥。結果顯示培養基中添加聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol, PEG)對'愛文'芒果花粉體外發芽具有極大的幫助，培養基配方以15% sucrose、150 ppm boric acid、200 ppm calcium sulfate、100 ppm magnesium sulfate、100 ppm potassium nitrate、25% PEG最好，發芽率可達80%以上。以14種防治芒果炭疽病的農藥混合在'愛文'芒果體外花粉發芽的培養基中，發現50%撲克拉錳167 ppm與43%嘉賜貝芬1000 ppm對芒果花粉體外發芽不具毒性，花粉發芽率與對照相同。而31.6%貝芬撲克拉333 ppm則稍具毒性，發芽率僅為對照的88%。80 %免得爛2000 ppm、50%三氟敏250 ppm、62.5%賽普護汰寧500 ppm、50%克收欣500 ppm、23%亞托敏500 ppm、24.9%待克利667 ppm、53% 腐絕快得寧833 ppm、42%腈硫醌833 ppm、80%鋅錳乃浦2500 ppm、62.25%鋅錳邁克尼1667 ppm與70%甲基鋅乃浦2500 ppm對'愛文'芒果體外花粉發芽都具高毒性，發芽率只有0〜15 %。

The present research was aimed to develop a novel formula for in vitro pollen germination as well as to screen for low toxicity pesticides for anthracnose disease for ‘Irwin’ mangos. The results showed PEG was very helpful in increasing in vitro pollen germination of ‘Irwin’ mangos. The best formula for in vitro pollen germination of ‘Irwin’ mangos was 15 % sucrose, 100 ppm boric acid, 200 ppm magnesium sulfate, 100 ppm potassium nitrate, 300 ppm calcium sulfate and 25 % PEG. The pollen germination rate using this formula could reach 80 % or even higher. Fourteen pesticides used to prevent mango anthracnose disease were screened for low toxicity to ‘Irwin’ mango pollens by incorporating the pesticides into the pollen germination media for ‘Irwin’ mangos. The results showed that 50 % Prochloraz at 167 ppm and Kasugamycin + Carbendazim at 1000 ppm were non-toxic to ‘Irwin’ mango pollens. Carbendazim + Prochloraz at 333 ppm had little toxic effects on pollen germination with germination rates decreasing by only 12 %. The rest of the pesticides, 23 % Azoxystrobin at 500 ppm, 62.5 % Cyprodinil + Fludioxonil at 500 ppm, 24.9 % Difenoconazole at 667 ppm, 42.2 % Dithianon at 833 ppm, 50 % Kresoxim-methyl at 500 ppm, 80 % Mancozeb at 2500 ppm, 80 % Metiram at 2000 ppm, 62.25 % Myclobutanil + Mancozeb at 1667 ppm, 70 % Propineb at 2500 ppm, 53 % Thiabendazole + Oxine-copper at 833 ppm and 50 % Trifloxystrobin at 250 ppm all had highly toxic effects to the pollen germination of ‘Irwin’ mangos. When incorporated with these pesticides, germination rates ranged from only 0 % to 15 %.