墨西哥西班牙語諷刺與真誠態度導致的韻律差異

Prosodic Consequences of Sarcasm Versus Sincerity in Mexican Spanish

本文透過檢視三項單句層次因素以及三項單字層次因素，比較諷刺與真誠兩態度在韻律結構上的異同。單句層次的因素包含平均基頻、基頻範圍以及語速；單字層次的因素包含重音節長度、基頻走勢和重音節母音強度。就基頻而言，句末活動與態度的關聯亦為本研究所檢視。經由聲學和統計分析，比較兩種態度於性別上之差異以及與溝通上重要程度不同的單字之差異，結果顯示使用諷刺語調時，平均基頻和語速會降低，重音節長度在與態度相關的單字會較長。在表達諷刺時，男性會降低相關單字的基頻範圍、基頻走勢、及所有單字的重音節母音強度。結果並顯示在真誠態度時，句末出現抑揚語調的基頻型態。研究結果使我們更加瞭解整體上態度對韻律的影響，特別是對墨西哥西班牙語韻律的影響。

This study compared the prosody of sarcastic and sincere attitudes in Mexican Spanish in terms of three sentence-level factors (i.e. fundamental frequency (F0) mean, F0 range, and speed of speech) and three word-level factors (i.e. stressed syllable duration, F0 movement, and stressed vowel intensity). For F0, the connection between utterance-final activity and attitude was also examined. Acoustic and statistical analyses comparing both attitudes based on gender and relative communicative importance of words revealed that across speakers, sarcasm resulted in decreases in speech rate and F0 mean and increased stressed syllable length in attitudinally relevant words. In expressions of sarcasm, males significantly decreased F0 range and movement in relevant words and stressed vowel intensity in all words. They also displayed evidence of an utterance-final circumflex F0 configuration, namely in cases of sincerity. These results expand our knowledge of attitude’s effects on prosody, in general, and of Mexican Spanish prosody, in particular. 本文透過檢視三項單句層次因素以及三項單字層次因素，比較諷刺與真誠兩態度在韻律結構上的異同。單句層次的因素包含平均基頻、基頻範圍以及語速；單字層次的因素包含重音節長度、基頻走勢和重音節母音強度。就基頻而言，句末活動與態度的關聯亦為本研究所檢視。經由聲學和統計分析，比較兩種態度於性別上之差異以及與溝通上重要程度不同的單字之差異，結果顯示使用諷刺語調時，平均基頻和語速會降低，重音節長度在與態度相關的單字會較長。在表達諷刺時，男性會降低相關單字的基頻範圍、基頻走勢、及所有單字的重音節母音強度。結果並顯示在真誠態度時，句末出現抑揚語調的基頻型態。研究結果使我們更加瞭解整體上態度對韻律的影響，特別是對墨西哥西班牙語韻律的影響。