非此非彼：初探心理學的人論及其意義

The Being That Is Not the Only One: Reconstructing the Psycho-cultural Meaning of Human-being

猶如希臘神話Sphinx的擋道，掀開人類意義的謎面似乎是個難解的困題。當試圖明確地以心理學角度探究解析人的本質及其世界觀，面臨著運用所謂「操作型定義」語言的詞窮處境。本文借道於Habermas所廓清的人類認知旨趣，分別以「技術的：正常與偏鋒的越界」、「實踐的：自我與他者的辯證」與「解放的：意識與潛意識的交談」三大面向，嘗試解（建）構心理／人的相關論述，這樣的作為是遠離「我思故我在」二元對立思考的笛卡爾式心理學面貌，以重構心理／文化人主體意義的一種徑路。最後，本文則透過Shotter所倡導的「第三類知識」等等相關論述，說明學術社群以多元包容開放的態度將歷史文化脈絡重新放入心理學的研究議程，或是在一片主體消逝的訃告輓歌中，踐行轉化心理學特性以搶救並彰顯人類主體意義的另類取徑。

It is a shibboleth to answer “what is human-being” from the view point of psychology. If we try to define the meaning of a person within the positivism discourse, we may miss the dynamic characteristics of human-being. Therefore, the author presented three propositions to de/re-construct the multiple meanings of human-being through the derivative of “knowledge and human interests” originated by Habermas; namely, the cross-boundaries of normality and deviance, the dialectics of self and other, and the dialogues of consciousness and unconsciousness, to highlight the new landscapes of psychological being after such epistemological turn. Finally, the author pointed out that it is an alternative route to understand the meaning of human-being from the psycho-cultural context beyond the dualism, a way approaching the subjectivity of being in the world.