工作動機的內生性與外生性：臺灣與美國大學生動機內涵之計量研究

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Work Motivation: An Quantitative Study of Motivational Orientations for Taiwanese and American Undergraduates

本研究的主要目的在探討個體的工作動機內涵是否可以區分為內生性（intrinsic）與外生性（extrinsic）兩種不同的動機取向（Amabile，1983），並進一步從測量的觀點，探討不同文化之受測樣本在工作動機取向上反應的異同。本研究對兩組樣本施以同一組動機強度的測量，再利用統計的結構方程模型（structural equation modeling）比較技術，進行一系列的參數估計與比較。研究樣本包含台灣與美國大學生兩部分：台灣受測者的有效樣本為414人；美國樣本為1363名大學生。經翻譯後的中文版工作動機量表，因素分析與各項統計檢驗支持了動機取向二個主要因子與四個次階因素的概念模式，因素的內部相關則指出內生性與外生性兩種動機是直交構念，亦符合理論上的概念。本研究進一步求取各項動機分數與相關概念之間的相關，發現各種動機內涵均與適當的概念具有顯著相關，提供了工作動機測量構念效度的證據。最後，本研究討論了有關動機測量的本質與文化差異的議題。

The purpose of this study is to examine the intrinsic and extrinsic natures of work motivation (Amabile, 1983). Based on the viewpoint of measurement, this study administered a work motivation questionnaire (WPI, Working Preference Inventory; Amabile, Hill, Hennessey, & Tighe, 1994) into two cultural samples for inquiring the structure of questionnaire and examining the subjects’ responses on test items. Statistically, the paradigm of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied the quantitative procedures of parameter estimations and model comparisons. Samples consisted of 414 Taiwanese undergraduates and 1363 American undergraduates. The WPI was translated into Chinese. The results supported a two-first-order-factor and a four-second-order-factor model on the Chinese WPI. The two main factors of work motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, were orthogonal, which was correspondent with theoretical conceptualization. Furthermore, a series of significant correlation coefficients between the scores of the Chinese WPI factors and the other related constructs suggested the concurrent validity of Chinese WPI. Finally, issues regarding measurement and cultural differences were also discussed.