促進參與父職因素的探討

An Exploratory Study on the Formation of Child-rearing Fatherhood

在目前的台灣社會，女性仍舊擔任照顧與教養孩子的主要責任，然而在雙薪家庭日漸普及的今日，教養孩子已不可能是女性單獨的責任，但是台灣的男性似乎仍遲疑於參與子女的教養工作。本研究的目的便在探討為何有些父親對參與育兒有高度的意願與實踐，在本研究中，研究者訪問了九位高度參與育兒的父親以及他們的配偶，並探索促使他們參與育兒工作的因素。由訪談中發現的主要因素如下：（1）對家庭的承諾；（2）觀察到負面家庭對子女的影響；（3）由於本身的疏忽父職導致的家庭危機；（4）配偶的支持；（5）育兒的正面回饋；（6）父親本身經驗過缺乏父職的幼年；（7）夫妻本身成長學習經驗。研究者認為對家庭的承諾是主要的核心動力因素，由於這些父親重視家庭，因此他們願意學習如何作好父親，其他因素則是刺激他們去改變對父職的認知並學習，同時也調整工作為先的傳統父職角色。不過研究者也發現這些父親在生育子女前，由於上一代忙碌於工作或疏離，多數父親缺乏父職的認知概念與可學習的模範，國內也欠缺父職的資訊，因此這些父親仍在一路摸索著要如何父親的角色？然而目前親職資訊大都來自美國社會，它不但提供如何作親職，也提供了「好父親」的判斷標準，在社經與人文情境並不相同的條件下，自美國引入的親職概念對本土社會父職觀的影響及適用性值得進一步研究。

Today, many fathers in Taiwan still expect their wives to do all the jobs of parenting. Even though young generation fathers feel distressed about their relationships with their elders, they were still not motivated to involve in child-rearing. In present research, following the principle of ground theory, the author aimed to identify key elements in the process of constructing the new fatherhood identity. A sample of 9 couples from intact families was obtained from three resources: two non-profit societies aimed to enhance family harmony as well as new manhood, and one parent association of an elementary school. It was found out, through the emergent themes of interview data, several factors may contribute to the construction of child-rearing fatherhood. These factors include: commitment on family, family crisis induced by the absence of fatherhood, father's own experiences or observation on the negative effects of fragmented fatherhood, encouragement from their wives, models from successful/unsuccessful families, the intrinsic positive feedback in child-rearing. It was also found out that the conduct of child-rearing fatherhood requires readjustment of career development of these fathers. The results also reveal an important issue. In the absence of indigenous child-rearing involvement fatherhood model, these fathers rely on imported knowledge from America. We need to carry out more researches to understand the effect of “western fatherhood model” on the new fatherhood identity in this country.