文化反哺：變遷社會中的親子傳承

Cultural Feedback︰Cultural Transition between Parents and their Children in a Changing Society

本文從「文化反哺」這一出現在急速的社會變遷時代的新型親子傳承模式入手，深入探討了社會文化變遷對親子傳承或家庭內部社會化內容和模式的影響。研究表明︰（1）在一個社會發生急劇變遷的年代，親子之間的「反向社會化」或曰「文化反哺」現象不僅已經出現，而且成了與傳統的文化傳承模式相對應的新型文化傳承模式；（2）在親子之間發生的這種「文化反哺」現象所涉及的內容和範圍十分廣泛，從價值觀的選擇、生活態度的認定、社會行為模式的養成，直至對各種新器物的了解和使用，而在文化的表層（行為或器物層面）這種現象更為明顯；（3）子代向雙親進行「文化反哺」的能力或他們的「話語權力」主要得自於他們對新事物具有較高的敏銳性和接受能力、他們受傳統的束縛較少，以及他們憑藉語言和器物接觸的優勢而獲得的從媒介、廣告、市場、同輩群體及生活本身獲取社會信息的便利性、對生活意義進行解釋的權威性；（4）「文化反哺」現象的出現一方面動搖了傳統社會「長者為尊」的地位，使得雙親常常會遇到來自子女的各種反叛和挑戰，另一方面也提高了前者對變遷社會的順應能力。

Cultural feedback is a new model of parent-child transmission that emerges in a time of drastic social changes. Based on this model, this paper thoroughly discusses the impact social-cultural changes have on the present-child transmitting or content and form of socialization inside family. The study demonstrates: (1) In a time of drastic social changes, reverse- socialization between parents and their children or “cultural feedback” not only has arisen, but also has become a new model of cultural transmission as opposed to the traditional model. (2) “Cultural feedback” covers a wide range of fields, from selection of values, acceptance of life attitude, formation of social behavior model to knowledge and use of new implements. The phenomenon is especially obvious in the surface of culture (behavior and implements facets). (3) Children’s capability to feedback their parents in culture or their rhetorical power mainly comes from their higher sensitivity and acceptability to new things, less restriction from tradition, the subsequent convenience of gaining social messages from media, advertising, markets, peer groups and life itself, and their authority in explaining the meaning of life (due to their advantages in using language and implements). (4) “Cultural feedback”, on the one hand, shakes the position of the senior as superiors, and brings parents into constant rebellion and challenge from their children. On the another hand, it also enhances the former’s ability to adapt to the changing society.