我國菸害防制政策制定的政治分析

Political perspective analysis of Taiwan’s tobacco control policy

本文從政治運作的觀點解釋政治、社會因素對於菸害防制政策的影響。利用深入訪談，佐以立法院公報記錄和新聞報導等二手資料，本文發現禁菸與反禁菸團體，在菸害政策制定過程中的政治運作導致我國菸害政策的不均衡發展結果。由政府部門承擔執行成本的政策往往可以快速成為法律，但只要是涉及既得利益者的菸害政策，因相關團體會在政策制定過程動用各種政治手段阻擾，屢屢導致立法進度遲緩或遭封殺。利用世界衛生組織的MPOWER指標可得知，我國在由政府承擔責任的吸菸監測系統、戒菸服務、反菸媒體宣導、禁止菸草廣告、促銷和贊助等項目已有優異成績。但是在涉及其他既得利益的無菸環境、菸品警示圖文與菸稅項目下，則仍有努力空間。

This paper analyzed Taiwan’s tobacco control policy by the impact of political and social affects. Through the data from intensive interview, legislative records and News reports, the research finding showed: most passed tobacco control policies were undertaken by the department of public health sector, but policies that removed vested interests were usually be blocked during the policy making process in Legislative Yuan. Due to the political and social interactive factors, Taiwan’s tobacco control policies had unbalanced results. According to the MPOWER index by WHO, we had better performance in tobacco monitoring, offering help to quit tobacco use, enforcing bans on tobacco advertisement, promotion and sponsorship, but had worse performance in the protecting people from tobacco use, warning the dangers of tobacco, and raising taxes on tobacco.