| 中文摘要 |
1920年代至30年代是國民黨創黨一百多年來，黨內菁英競逐黨務組織領導權最為激烈的時期。這段期間蔣中正所領導的南京政府，遭逢黨內最大勁敵－「改組派」的嚴重挑戰，雙方對黨務組織的空前爭奪，遍及海內外。1929年，雙方在華南、華中的攻防最為激烈，「改組派」乘「護黨救國軍」諸役與反南京三全大會，各方反蔣的政治情勢，運用其黨政軍的人際網絡，在華南的福建、廣西、雲南、廣州等三省一市，策應張發奎、李宗仁、馮玉祥等地方實力派軍人，發動軍事反蔣。華中則在浙江、江蘇、江西、安徽、湖南、湖北、四川、上海、南京等七省二市，大力發展地方組織，先在上海成立「改組派」總部，指揮各地的反蔣活動，並在南京發出砲打黨中央的第一槍，釀成「三一四事件」，凸顯了南京黨中央無法駕馭中下級黨部的窘境；繼則在江蘇省的溧陽、鹽城、武進、崑山、徐州、句容六縣，對寧蔣形成包圍之勢。直到1930年，「改組派」組織發展的重心轉移至華北，寧蔣近在咫尺的壓力才告解除。In over a century ever since the establishment of Kuomintang (KMT), the decade from 1920's to 1930's was a period with the keenest competition for the leadership of party affairs organization among the elites of KMT. During this period, the Nanjing Government led by Chiang Kai-Shek was intensely challenged by his strongest opponent in the party, 'Reorganization Society.' Both sides launched unprecedented fights for governing the party affairs organization, and extended the scramble to different provinces of China, and even to overseas. In 1929, the offensive and defensive acts of both sides were most violent in Southern and Central China. Through the several baffles of 'KMT Protection and National Salvation Army,' the third annual meeting advocating revolt against Nanjing Government, and the various political powers opposing Chiang Kai-Shek, Reorganization Society manipulated its human network in the party, political and military areas, and appointed the local powerful military leaders in Fujian Province, Guangxi Province, Yunnan Province and Guangzhou City, including Zhang Fa-Kui, Li Zong-Ren and Feng Yu-Xiang, to launch military operations against Chiang Kai-Shek. In Central China, Reorganization Society aggressively developed local organizations in seven provinces and two cities, namely Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Shanghai and Nanjing. First of all, Reorganization Society established its headquarters in Shanghai, commanding all the anti-Chiang activities to take place in different places. Meanwhile, the outbreak of '314 Incident' was the first direct attack initiated by Reorganization Society on the administration of KMT. The incident highlighted the predicament of Nanjing KMT administration's failure to control the middle- and low-level party offices. Subsequently, more attacks took place in six counties of Jiangsu Province, including Liyang, Yancheng, Wujin, Kunshan, Xuzhou and Jurong, forming an outflank of Chiang Kai-Shek's Nanjing Government. It was not until 1930, with Reorganization Society switching the core of its organizational development to Northern China, that the imminent pressure on Chiang Kai-Shek's Nanjing Government was released. |
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