論改組派與川軍

Discussion on Reorganization Faction and Sichuan Army

1929年至1930年是國民黨內權力競逐最為激烈的時期，蔣中正在黨內的勁敵－「改組派」，策動大規模反蔣軍事行動－「護黨救國軍」諸役與「中原大戰」，中國六大軍事勢力，一、二、三、四集團軍、東北軍，皆被捲入其中，唯有坐擁30萬大軍的川軍，未直接參與戰局。「改組派」鑑於川軍的實力，對於戰局擁有不可忽視的力量，密集與川軍各代表聯繫，敦促他們儘速出兵反蔣。而川軍內部居於不同的利益考量，分裂成劉文輝、劉湘兩大勢力，前者擁汪反蔣，後者擁蔣反汪，其他二線軍人田頌堯、鄧錫侯、李家鈺等人，游移兩方之間，一味需索名位、餉源。「改組派」由於資源不如寧蔣，再加上擁己的劉文輝，無法突破扼守重慶的劉湘之封鎖，最終只換得部分川軍，口惠而實不至的宣示，這是「改組派」所策動的反蔣行動，功敗垂成的原因之一。The two years from 1929 to 1930 was the period that Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) went through the most severe internal struggle for power. During this period, the internal enemy of Chiang Chung-Cheng, 'Reorganization Faction,' took several large-scale anti-Chiang military actions, including several campaigns initiated by the 'Army of Protecting the Party and Saving the Nation' and 'Central Plains War.' The six major military powers, including the 1(superscript st), 2(superscript nd), 3(superscript rd) and 4(superscript th) Army Groups, and the Northeast Army, were all involved in the struggle. Only Sichuan Army, which owned 300,000 soldiers, did not directly take part in the struggle for power. In view of the solid strength of Sichuan Army and its substantial influence to the war situation, 'Reorganization Faction' intensively contacted the various representatives of Sichuan Army, and urged them to send troops to revolt against Chiang as soon as possible. And Sichuan Army, due to different considerations for different benefits, was divided into two main powers led by Liu Wen-Hui and Liu Xiang respectively. The former summoned Wang Jing-Wei's troop to revolt against Chiang, whereas the latter summoned Chiang's troop to revolt against Wang. Some minor soldiers, such as Tian Song-Yao, Deng Xi-Hou, Li Jia-Yu, and so on, drifted between these two great powers, invariably demanding for fame, high posts and pay. As to 'Reorganization Faction,' its resources were not as sufficient as Chiang in Nanjin, and its supporter Liu Wen-Hui was unable to break through the blockade of Chongqing by Liu Xiang. As a result, only part of Sichuan Army verbally declared to join 'Reorganization Faction,' but broke their promise eventually. This was one of the reasons for the anti-Chiang campaign initiated by 'Reorganization Faction' to suffer defeat when victory was almost at hand.