運動員公平知覺量表之中文化與修訂－－以組織公平為基礎

Validation of the sport team justice perception questionnaire: Based on organizational justice

目的：本研究以組織公平的概念為基礎，中文化組織公平量表修改成運動員知覺被教練公平對待的測量工具。方法：本研究包含三階段的研究，研究一、二的研究參與者為現役大專運動員，有效樣本共446位；研究三的共有186位有效樣本。量表譯自兩份英文的組織承諾量表：Colquitt（2001）及Niehoff與Moorman（1993）。結果：研究一為翻譯量表，進行鑑別度分析與探索性因素分析，刪除一題跨因素的題項，保留25題。研究二進行指定因素個數之探索性因素分析、項目分析及以運動承諾為效標，檢驗量表的建構效度。研究三以凝聚力、運動樂趣為效標進行聚斂效度，並以自我取向為效標進行區辨效度之檢驗。結論：驗證性因素分析支持分配公平、程序公平、發言權、人際公平和訊息公平五個向度的測量工具。迴歸分析顯示運動承諾、樂趣與團隊凝聚力為運動員公平知覺提供良好的效標關聯效度。最後，建立25題的運動員公平知覺中文量表。Purpose: Based on the concept of organizational justice, the purpose of this study was to develop a Chinese scale via measure athletes' justice perception in a sport team. Methods: The measure was validated in 3 separate studies Participants were. four-hundred and forty-six collegiate athletes in study 1 & 2. One-hundred and eighty-six athletes were recruited in study 3. Items for this measure were adapted from Colquitt's (2001) and Niehoff & Moorman's (1993) organizational justice scales. Results: First study (N = 223) was conducted with a series of back-translation, item analysis, and exploratory factor analysis. We deleted an item which loaded on two factors. Second study was conducted factor analysis (extracted 5 factors), confirmatory factor analyses, item analysis and used sport commitment as a criterion variable. We established convergent validity of athletes' justice perception by cohesion and sport enjoyment and discriminate validity by ego-oriented motivation climate. Conclusions: Confirmatory factor analyses supported a 5-factor structure to the measurement, with distributive, procedural, voice, interpersonal, and informational justice as distinct dimensions. Regression analyses also demonstrated criterion-related validity for the measurement on sport commitment, enjoyment and team cohesion. Finally, a 25-item, Chinese version of scale for measuring 'The Sport Team Justice Perception Questionnaire' was developed.