全身性振動伸展訓練對女性高齡者功能性體適能之影響

Effects of whole body vibration with static stretching training on functional fitness in elderly female

目的：探討全身性振動伸展訓練對於高齡者功能性體適能（functional fitness）之影響。方法：以30名女性高齡者為訓練對象，所有參與者在訓練前皆進行功能性體適能測驗（握力、坐椅體前彎、30秒坐椅站立、張眼單足站立、坐站協調能力與2分鐘原地踏步測驗），隨後，30名參與者隨機分派至振動組（VT，n＝15）與控制組（CON，n＝15）進行6週訓練。訓練開始後，VT組進行振動伸展（每週3次；每個動作伸展30秒、每組伸展動作間隔1分鐘、每組動作重複3次，伸展時輔以振幅：1.5mm、頻率：25Hz之垂直振動刺激，共7組訓練動作）而CON組則不接受任何訓練。在6週訓練後，所有參與者皆進行功能性體適能之後測。本研究以單因子共變數分析（ANCOVA）分析全身性振動伸展訓練對於高齡者功能性體適能是否有顯著影響，顯著水準α訂為.05。結果：經過6週訓練後，VT組在坐椅體前彎（31.41±7.23VS.23.82±9.35公分）、30秒坐椅站立（19.84±3.12VS.14.46±2.71次）、張眼單足站立（17.35±12.75VS.11.7±16.76秒）與坐站協調能力（5.14±1.26VS.8.31±2.15秒）測驗等項目表現顯著優於CON組（p＜.05）。結論：經過6週的低頻率全身性振動伸展訓練可以顯著改善女性高齡者下肢肌肉力量、敏捷／動態平衡能力與柔軟度之表現。Purpose: To investigate the effects of six weeks vibration with static stretching training on functional fitness in elderly female. Methods: Thirty elderly female participated in this study. The functional fitness (grasp test, 30s chair stand test, chair sit-and-reach test, open-eye stand on right foot test, 8-foot up and go test and two-minute step) was measured prior to training and all participants then were randomly assigned to vibration (VT, n=15) and control (CON, n=15) groups. During the 6 weeks training, VT group performed whole body vibration with static stretching training (amplitude: 1.5 mm, frequency: 25 Hz, 7 exercises, 3×30 sec, 1 min rest between sets, 3 times per week), while CON group did not perform any physical activity. The functional fitness was measured after 6 weeks training. The data was analyzed by ANCOVA, and the significance was set at α = .05. Results: The results indicated that the chair sit and reach test (31.41 ± 7.23 vs. 23.82 ± 9.35 cm), 30s chair stand test (19.84 ± 3.12 vs. 14.46 ± 2.71 times), open eye stand on right foot test (17.35 ± 12.75 vs. 11.7 ± 16.76 sec) and 8 foot up and go test (5.14 ± 1.26 vs. 8.31 ± 2.15 sec) of VT group were significantly higher than those of CON group (p < .05) after 6 weeks training. Conclusions: The findings suggested that low frequency whole body vibration with static stretching training may improve the lower body muscular strength, agility/active balance and flexibility performances in elderly female.