籃球教練經驗在進攻策略中視覺特徵差異之比較

The visual characteristic differences on basketball coaches experience in the offensive strategy

目的：瞭解不同經驗的籃球教練於比賽進攻時視覺訊息是否有所差異。方法：以Mobile Eye及Gaze Tracker軟體蒐集並分析資料。資歷區分為10年以上與5年以內2組，教練有意義凝視位置則為籃圈、持球員、防守持球者及預計下一個接球員4項。研究參與者為國內2009學年度大專及高中籃球聯賽前12名中，14名視力正常的籃球教練，總計蒐集進攻資料845筆，並以混合設計二因子變異數比較凝視時間與頻率的差異。結果：在凝視時間上，教練們凝視依序為持球者、防守者、下一個持球者、籃圈，但在不同經驗的凝視時間上，資深的教練凝視在持球者、防守者、下一個持球者都多於資淺的教練。在凝視的頻率上，也一樣依序為持球者、防守者、下一個持球者、籃圈有顯著差異，另外資深的教練比資淺的教練在凝視防守者及下一個持球者有較多的次數。結論：教練應以持球球員、防守持球者、下一個接球員及籃圈為主要凝視範圍，且凝視時間應加長，可能的話宜多關注球賽接下來可能的發展訊息。Purpose: To investigate basketball coaches' visual gaze during competition. Methods: There were 14 participants with normal eyesight from top 12 college sport league and the senior high school league matches in 2009. 845 trials were collected by means of Mobile eye tracking system during the competition. 82.12% of the recorded data were used for further analysis. These trials were analyzed based on gaze duration, number of gaze point, and total gaze time in different gaze locations. Results: The gaze duration and frequency were significantly different in 4 locations. Coaches' visual gaze patterns were located mainly at basketball rim, receiver, defender, and expected receiver. The total gaze time and frequency were higher at receiver, defender, expected receiver and then the basketball rim. Furthermore, post hoc comparisons showed that senior coaches gazed longer on the receiver and the expected receiver. In addition, the gaze frequency was the same in the different gaze locations between junior and senior coaches. Conclusion: The results suggest that these four fixation locations may be important sources of information during offensive play in basketball and that senior coaches may weight these information sources differently from junior coaches.