臺灣棒球中的種族堆疊

The Stacking of Taiwanese Baseball

目的：本研究之目的在於從種族堆疊的角度，檢驗臺灣職棒運動中的種族現象。方法：本研究以問卷調查2008年甲組成棒14隊、職棒6隊棒球隊球員，以及臺灣五級教練，球隊回收率分別為100％、100％、38％，並獲得478、122和165份有效問卷；2007年至2012年間也採用半結構深度訪談81位五級棒球教練。並以卡方考驗之適合度考驗棒球守備位置期望值與族群分布比例是否呈現種族堆疊的情形。結果：我國的原住民球員並未像美國黑人都堆疊在外野位置，而是平均分布在各個位置上。其次，因為美日職棒的吸引、假球事件不斷、不佳的臺灣職棒環境等推力，造成許多漢人球員外流而在投手位置上低度再現。第三，臺灣職棒中原住民捕手人數稀少的印象起因於過去原住民人才庫小，媒體曝光率不足。結論：雖然美國中心的中心位置假說無法解釋臺灣棒球中種族堆疊的情形，而且從數字上來看臺灣職棒中也沒有不平等的堆疊現象，但是目前臺灣職棒中原住民眾多現象的背後，卻是透過運動與體育政策實踐之內部殖民的深層壓迫。Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the racial phenomenon of Taiwanese professional baseball from the perspectives of racial stacking. Methods: Documentary analysis and questionnaire survey was adopted in this study. Questionnaires were distributed to 14 Division A and 6 Professional baseball teams and baseball coaches from elementary school level to professional level in Taiwan, in 2008, the return percentage are 100%, 100% and 38%, and we got 478, 122 and 165 questionnaires were valid, and the data was analyzed by using Chi Square test. Furthermore, from 2007 to 2012, 81 coaches of 5 levels were semi-structured in-depth interviewed. Results: The results indicate that, 1. Unlike the MLB's African-Americans were stacking in the outfielder positions. CPBL shows no racial stacking phenomenon for the indigenous peoples. 2. Because the pulling force of MLB, NPB and the pushing force of CPBL which is a league with uncompleted system and fixing game scandals incessantly, these forces make the Han people's pitchers going abroad and shapes the under- representation in pitchers' position. 3. The image of rather few starting catchers are the indigenous peoples, because of the small size of the talent pool of indigenous peoples in the past and the last media exposures. Conclusions: The Americancentrical hypothesis of stacking can't explain the stacking phenomenon of Taiwanese professional baseball. Even though the number didn't show the discrimination to the indigenous peoples, more and more indigenous peoples participate in the baseball, it means the power of internal colonization is oppressing the indigenous peoples in a deeper and more invisible way, by means of sport and physical education policies.