媒體再現與臺灣國球的系譜

The media representation and genealogy of Kuo-Chiu of Taiwan

目的：本研究以文化研究之批判與解構的角度，分析報紙再現的新聞文本，追溯臺灣國球起源與其背後權力與文化接合的過程。方法：為文本分析法與半結構式深度訪談。本研究以「國家運動and棒球」、「國技and棒球」關鍵字，搜尋1951年9月16日到2010年12月31日間，聯合資料庫中之聯合報、聯合晚報、民生報以及經濟日報後，分別得到的314篇、45篇以及57篇新聞文本；訪談對象則包括聯合報系資深記者3名，以及資深主播傅達仁與前內政部長余政憲等五位。結果：雖然國球最早出現於1976年12月8日的民生報上，但在棒球成為國球之前，還有國技和國家運動兩個稱呼。國技是謝國城帶進媒體的日本語詞，目的在推動臺灣棒球發展；而國家運動則是民生報記者孫鍵政在1980年代中期提出的議題，呼籲政府重視臺灣棒球的發展；國球則是傅達仁在1970年代初越洋轉播少棒時創造出來的詞彙。國球能夠成為棒球最主流的稱號，主要是因為前總統陳水扁從2000年開始，以其總統的高位，8年執政期間不斷地在許多公開的場合將棒球是國球的訊息傳播出去所致。結論：誠如文化研究的觀點，權力生產知識，國球的出現與系譜學是許多的偶然性和眾多權力鬥爭與接合的結果。Purpose: By analyzing the represented texts of newspaper, this research applied the critical and deconstructive perspectives of cultural studies to trace the origin, the power network and the cultural articulate process of Taiwanese 'Kuo- Chiu'. Methods: Textual analysis and semi-constructed depth interview were applied. We used the keywords, 'baseball and Kuo-Chiu'' baseball and the Kuo-gia-yun-don' and 'baseball and Kuo-Chi', to search in the database of the Udn newspaper group that is included United Daily News, United Evening News, Economics Daly, and Min-Sheng Daily News, from 16, Sep. 1951 to 31. Dec. 2010, and we got 314, 45 and 57 texts of' Kuo-chi', 'the National Game' and 'Kuo-Chiu'. And we interviewed 3 senior reports and 1 senior broadcaster and ex-minister of Internal Affairs. Results: The findings are as follow. In the very beginning, baseball was called Kuo-Chiu by Min-Sheng Daily News on 8. Dec. 1976. Before the Taiwanese Baseball was named Kuo-Chiu, it was called Kuo-Chi that is a vocabulary of Japanese, was introduced by Father of Taiwanese Little League Baseball, Hsieh, Kou-cheng to promote the development of Taiwanese baseball. The 'Kuo-gia-yun-don' was created by the senior reporter, Sun, Chien-cheng who made this issue on the newspaper to remind the government to emphasize the decade of Taiwanese baseball. 'Kuo-Chiu' was created by senior broadcaster, Fu, Ta-jen for the need of live broadcasting in 1970's. The ex-president Chen, Sui-bian used the codes of baseball to promote himself and announced 'the baseball is the Kou-Chiu of Taiwan' in many public situations. His presidential position made his speeches produced a synchronized effect on the other newspapers, and made the Kuo-Chiu became a solid and main signifier of Taiwanese baseball. Because of ex-president Chen, Sui-bian who spoke of Kuo-Chiu in public in his presidential terms, from 2000 to 20008, made Kuo-Chiu became the major significant of Taiwanese baseball. Conclusions: Just like the perspective of cultural studies, power produces knowledge; the origin and the genealogy of Kuo-Chiu were the results of contingency, power struggles and the articulation.