| 中文摘要 |
目的：本文嘗試以1949年後，不同世代的中國領導人為分期依據，探究中國競技乒乓球運動蛻變的過程，進而分析中國政府涉入競技乒乓球的動機、策略及未來可能面臨的挑戰。方法：以中國官方、半官方的文件資料為主，輔以訪談中國體育總局及乒羽管理中心的官員，並引用相關期刊論文與大眾傳播媒體評論，進行描述性及詮釋性的分析。結果：為突破外交的困境，毛澤東時代強調「乒乓外交」的工具性價值；鄧小平時代的「改革開放」政策，促使「體育改革」；為解決「改革開放」後「乒乓球選手外流」的問題，江澤民時代開始主導職業聯賽的發展；全球化與商業化的衝擊，成為胡錦濤時代中國乒乓球聯賽需面臨的挑戰。結論：中國競技乒乓球的發展，在政府的主導下，藉由轉變乒乓球行政管理體制及引進國營及民間資金推動職業化發展，在初期階段，具有一定的成效。不過，由於中國政府將乒乓球聯賽視為其競技培訓體系的附庸，可能影響乒乓球超級聯賽進一步邁向真正職業化的進程。Purpose: To analyze the strategies, motives, and future challenges of the Chinese government interfering in elite table tennis within the four different regimes of Chinese leaders after 1949. Methods: A documentary analysis method has been applied to generate and integrate materials, including official/semi-official documents of the Chinese government, academic journals, and the media commentaries. Meanwhile, interviews with officials in the General Administration of Sport (GAS) and the Chinese Table Tennis and Badminton Management Center (CTTBMC) were also conducted. Results: The instrumental value of 'ping-pong diplomacy', which was to break through difficult diplomatic situation, was emphasized in the Mao Zedong regime. The 'open door' policy in the Deng Xiaoping regime contributed to the 'sport reform.' In order to solve problems of players' migrating to other countries after the 'reform and open' policy, the government of Jiang Zemin advocated the development of professional table tennis league. Now, Hu Jintao has to face the challenges from globalization and commercialization of the China Table Tennis Super League. Conclusions: The development of elite table tennis in China, through government funding in public and private sectors, had made significant advances in the early stage of the sport. Nevertheless, because the Chinese government recognizes the professional table tennis league as a 'subordinate' one in the Chinese elite sport training system, to some extent, this may influence the 'real' professionalizing process of the China Table Tennis Super League. |
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