不同競技水準男子競技體操選手分值表現的比較

Comparison of score values between male artistic gymnasts at different skill levels

目的：透過評分規則的規範，比較不同競技水準男子競技體操選手在個人全能及各單項分值表現的差異，藉以了解目前國內男子競技體操選手需積極克服的訓練課題所在。方法：以參加國內2010年廣州亞運會男子競技體操培訓國手選拔賽個人全能成績前20名選手，及2009年世界競技體操錦賽個人全能前8名及各單項決賽選手（共48人次）為研究對象，運用獨立樣本單因子變異數分析來檢驗個人全能分值、各單項分值及D、E分值，若F值達顯著水準時，再以薛費法（Scheffe）進行事後比較，本研究顯著水準定為α＝.05。結果：一、國際優秀選手在個人全能總分及各單項分值等，皆優於國內優秀及次優秀選手的表現；二、國內優秀與次優秀選手相較之下，在地板、吊環及跳馬等三個項目中具有優勢；三、國際優秀選手在各單項D、E分分值皆明顯優於國內優秀及次優秀選手的表現。結論：國際優秀選手在個人全能總分、各單項分值及各單項D、E分分值等方面皆明顯優於國內優秀及次優秀選手的表現。國內選手在提昇D分分值之首要條件是強化各個單項的高難度動作技術訓練，尤其是結束動作的難度須提升至D級。另外E分分值受到動作穩定性與技術正確性的影響，透過加強單一動作技術正確性及穩定性後再將其運用在比賽中，應能減少在臨場時發生動作失誤。Purpose: To compare the all around score and apparatus score by different skill level male artistic gymnasts in order to understand the problem of training for the current domestic male gymnasts to overcome. Methods: Twenty gymnasts who participated in men's gymnastics contest of 2010 Asia Game and 2009 world competition all around and Apparatus men's gymnastics were recruited in this study and divided into international elite, national elite, and national sub-elite groups. Moreover, the One-way ANONA was used to examine the all around score, apparatus score and D, E score values. If significant difference existed, then Scheffe methods post-hoc test would be used. Significant level was set at α = .05. Results: In terms of all around score and apparatus score values, the international elite group's performance was significantly better than national elite group and national sub-elite group. The national elite group's performance was significantly better than national sub-elite group in the events of floor exercise, rings and vault. In terms of D, E score value, the international elite group's performance was significantly better than national elite group and national sub-elite group in the each apparatus. Conclusion: The international elite group's performance was significantly better than national elite group and national sub-elite group in the all around score, apparatus score and D, E score values. The national gymnasts should practice their high difficult skills in each apparatus to improve D score value, and dismount must be upgraded to D value. In addition, E score value was depend mainly on the stability and technical preciseness, therefore, practicing single techniques in accuracy and stability should be able to stress to reduce errors in the competition.