高爾夫高低球位擊球身體肢段運動學分析

Kinematic analyses eliet of golf players performing swing movement on incline and decline surface

本研究使用萬向斜坡調節平台模擬高、低球位，二種不同狀況的斜坡擊球進行實驗。目的：探討優秀高爾夫選手處理高、低球位斜坡球，各關節、肢段動作分期的情形。方法：實驗對象為6位差點在7以內的右打男性專業高爾夫選手，使用7號桿，進行高、低球位斜坡的高爾夫揮桿擊球，以數位攝影機進行資料蒐集，使用SIMI動作分析軟體進行分析處理。結果：（1）球員在高球位斜坡擊球時，T1（準備點）到T3（桿頂點）揮桿過程中，骨盆及軀幹旋轉角度增加，左膝關節角度大於右膝關節角度且逐漸增加，左、右肘關節角度增加，再從T4（下桿起點）到T6（擊球點），骨盆及軀幹旋轉角度快速減少，左膝關節角度減少，右膝關節角度增加，左、右肘關節角度減少。（2）球員在低球位斜坡擊球時，在T1（準備點）到T3（上桿頂點）揮桿過程中，骨盆及軀幹旋轉角度增加，左膝關節角度大於右膝關節角度且逐漸增加，左、右肘關節角度增加，再從T4（下桿起點）到T6（擊球點），骨盆及軀幹旋轉角度快速減少，左膝關節角度減少，右膝關節角度增加，左、右肘關節角度減少。結論：在高、低球位擊球時，從上桿準備點至頂點到下桿起點至擊球瞬間的揮桿過程中，各肢段角度的變化是一致性。優秀高爾夫選手在高、低球位揮桿過程中，由於站姿的方式不同，導致軀幹旋轉角度及骨盆旋轉角度的不同，這兩項因素是決定在高、低球位擊球時，運動表現優劣的重要關鍵。Skill of golf swing plays a critical role in sports performance. This challenge significantly occurs on golf player standing on uneven surface. Purpose: Specific aims of the present study were to investigate movement characteristics of elite golf players performing swing on incline and decline surface. Method: Six professional golf athletes voluntarily participated in this study. All subjects were asked to perform standard swing movement on both up-slope and down-slope surface with using No.7 golf club. SIMI motion analysis system and software were used. In order to analyze movement characteristics on each specific phase, motion was specified in six phases (T1 to T6). Results: Results indicated that kinematic behaviors of all elite athletes were very consistent. Major finding included (1) in higher surface, player had to prepare enough flexion angle in pelvis, trunk and elbow from T1 (preparation phase) to T3 (high tip phase), main swing power might be from trunk and pelvic rotation because larger rotation angle occurred from T4 (lowering phase) to T6 (impact phase) (2) In lower surface, kinematic behaviors were similar with higher surface. Main difference however, was found in leading knee and elbow showed less flexion angle. In other word, players stood on higher surface. Their leading side of the knee and elbow had to perform larger flexion angle in preparation phase. Conclusion: All segment angles from preparation phase to the impact phase were consistency when players stood both in high and in low level of the ground surface. However, major difference was found in trunk rotation. Swing movement with standing on high level ground produced larger trunk and pelvic rotation angle. Therefore, movement of trunk and pelvic rotation significantly determine swing performance when player standing on high and low level of the ground.