不同運動階段老年婦女其功能性體適能與健康生活品質之研究

Functional fitness and health-related-quality-of-life in physically independent elderly women at different exercise stages of change

目的：本研究旨在探討嘉義地區不同運動階段老年婦女其功能性體適能與健康生活品質之狀況。方法：針對306位65歲以上的社區老年婦女，以運動階段調查表與健康生活品質調查表進行訪談，並進行功能性體適能之測量，繼而使用描述性統計、卡方考驗、單因子變異數分析及複迴歸分析各變項之資料，並進一步探討六項功能性體適能是否可作為健康生活品質之預測用變項。結果：一、健康生活會因運動階段的不同而有顯著差異，並且在維持期階段除了身體功能角色限制、一般健康知覺、心理健康狀況、情緒角色限制外之健康生活品質指數皆顯著高於無意圖期階段。二、功能性體適能中上半身柔軟度、下半身肌力及有氧耐力亦隨著運動階段之不同而有所差異，維持期階段之功能性體適能皆顯著優於無意圖期階段。三、六項功能性體適能中下半身肌力、下半身柔軟度及有氧耐力為健康生活品質之顯著預測用變項。結論：社區專業指導人員可透過運動階段之分類，協助老年婦女克服身體活動阻礙，積極從事身體活動計畫之建議。並期許未來將更多規律的身體活動融入久坐式或顯少活動老年婦女的生活型態中，將有助於其功能性體適能與健康生活品質的提升。Purpose: The aims of this study were: 1) to compare functional fitness and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among elderly women who self-classified themselves into one of the five exercise stages of change according to exercise behavior; 2) to examine the relationships among exercise stages of change, functional fitness, HRQOL; and 3) to determine the predictability of six parameters of functional fitness towards HRQOL in physically independent elderly women. Methods: Three hundred and six physically independent elderly female volunteers (aged 65 or above) were investigated on their exercise stages of change, levels of physical activity, functional fitness, and HRQOL. Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient, chi-square, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis were utilized for the data analysis. Results: The results were as follows: 1). Elderly women classified as stage of maintenance were significantly higher in scores of physical functioning, bodily pain, general health perceptions, vitality, social functioning, physical component summary scores, mental component summary scores and total component summary scores than their counterparts; 2). Elderly women classified as stage of maintenance were significantly higher in scores of upper bodily flexibility, lower bodily muscular strength, cardiopulmonary endurance than their counterparts; 3). Muscular strength, bodily flexibility, and cardiopulmonary endurance were significant predictors of HRQOL. Conclusion: Exercise professionals might use this five exercise stages of change distinction to overcome the specific and individual barriers of physical activity in physically independent elderly women classified in each of the five exercise stages of change. Prospectively, incorporating more regular physical activity into the lifestyles of sedentary or slightly active elderly women may improve their functional fitness and HRQOL.