橄欖球致勝戰力模式建構－－以大專校院橄欖球選手為例

The establishment of winning model in collegiate rugby players

目的：本研究旨在探討橄欖球致勝戰力的內涵，並發展出具有信效度之橄欖球致勝戰力模式。方法：透過文獻探討編製「橄欖球致勝戰力預測指標建構量表」為研究工具，以大專校院橄欖球學校代表隊選手326名為研究對象，並以描述統計與結構方程模式進行分析。結果：本研究所建構之橄欖球致勝戰力模式，對於比賽之勝負產生關鍵之影響；其中正集團戰力與小組攻擊戰力對於勝負具有關鍵之影響效果。冒爾、踢球、勒克與控球等四項致勝因素，亦決定勝敗的關鍵；在爭邊球戰力方面，因規則的修改，使得爭邊球在整體橄欖球致勝戰力的影響大為降低。結論：在訓練方面應強化正集團前鋒選手之碰撞強度、正集團搶位技巧與組架技術以及小組攻擊時前鋒球員短傳突破、後衛移位變化及小組二波攻擊之訓練，再輔以冒爾、踢球、勒克控球、擒抱等個人技術進行強化訓練，朝向快速突破之戰術，以速度來創造空間，破除橄欖球強大身材絕對優勢之迷思。Purpose: The study aims to probe in the winning components in rugby and to develop a reliable and valid wining model. Methods: First, the research tool 'The rugby winning prediction indicators scale' is established through literature reviews. Second, after data are collected from 326 collegiate rugby players as the research subjects, descriptive statistics and structural equation model (SEM) were utilized for analysis. Results: The winning model established in the study has a significant influence in predicting the outcome of rugby games, especially the scrimmage and group offense ability are the most influential factors. The ruckings, kickings, mauling and ball handling also affect the outcomes. As a result of the revision of rugby rules, the line-out ability has no longer been influential. Conclusion: This research suggests that the training of scrumming ability should be emphasized, for instance, the endurance and strength of forwards, strength of contact, scrumming techniques for positioning and scrum skill. Group offense such as off-loading, movement of guards and the second phase of play is also an important factor. Furthermore, training of personal techniques such as mauling, kicking, rucking and tackling should be especially strengthened, in order to create space through speed and to break the myth of absolute advantage of big size player.