臺北市民運動中心使用者參與動機與承諾對參與行為之影響

The relationship among participation motivation, exercise commitment and participation behavior of the users in Taipei Sports Centers

目的：本研究旨在探討參與動機與承諾對臺北市民運動中心使用者參與行為之影響情形。方法：以中山等7座運動中心使用者為研究對象，有效問卷計450份（男生246、女生204），以「運動參與動機量表」、「健身運動承諾量表」、「運動參與行為量表」進行施測，並以簡單相關、多元迴歸分析、徑路分析進行資料分析。結果：一、個人投資、健康、外表、社交與想要的承諾可正向預測運動參與行為。二、滿足感、個人投資、社會支持及涉入機會可正向預測想要的承諾。三、個人投資與社會支持可正向預測必須的承諾，涉入替代則負向預測必須的承諾。四、運動承諾決定因素、運動參與動機與運動承諾可正向預測運動參與行為；運動承諾與運動參與動機在運動承諾決定因素與運動參與行為間具中介效果。結論：一、越重視個人投資、身體健康與外表的運動中心使用者，其運動參與行為越佳。二、個人投資與社會支持是影響運動中心使用者對運動承諾強弱的最主要因素，當個體投入於運動的資源越多，且能獲得較多的社會支持，其對運動的承諾越高。三、運動參與動機與運動承諾係影響運動中心使用者運動參與行為的重要變項，因此，如欲提高民眾之運動參與行為，除喚起其參與運動的動機外，更需要強化個體對運動的承諾。Purpose: To investigate the relationship among participation motivation, exercise commitment and participation behavior of the users in Taipei Sports Centers. Methods: Four hundred and fifty users in Taipei Sports Centers were selected through randomly samples . All the sampling were surveyed by Exercise Participation Motivation Scale, Exercise Commitment Scale and Exercise Participation Behavior Scale. The data were analyzed through person's correlation analysis, stepwise regression analyses and path analysis methods. Results: 1. Personal investment, health, appearance, social support and want-to commitment could positively predict participation behavior; 2. Satisfaction, personal investment, social support and involvement opportunity could positively predict want-to commitment; 3. Personal investment and social support could positively predict have-to commitment; involvement alternative could negatively predict have-to commitment; 4. Exercise commitment decisive factors, participation motivation and exercise commitment could positively predict participation behavior; Exercise commitment and participation motivation could be the mediator between exercise commitment decisive factors and participation behavior. Conclusion: When the users had more personal investment, health and appearance desires, they could have better exercise participation behavior. In addition, personal investment and social support were the most important factors to influence the users' exercise commitment, when the individual invested more resources in the exercise activities, and got more social support, their exercise commitment could be more intensive. To sum up, participation motivation and exercise commitment were the important variables to influence the users,exercise participation behavior, if the sports centers want to evaluate individuals' participation behavior, not only should they trigger users' participation motivation, but also needed to strengthen their exercise commitment.