網球選手平衡能力對發球技能之相關研究

Relationship between balance and serve skill for collegiate tennis players

目的：了解國內大專公開組網球選手的平衡能力與發球技能（準度及速度）之關係。方法：以20位國內大專公開組網球選手為受試對象。本研究以Zebris測力板測量慣用腳與非慣用腳之靜態睜眼、閉眼與動態睜眼、閉眼平衡的擺盪面積、擺盪軌跡長度、水平擺盪與垂直擺盪，再進行網球選手30顆網球發球的準度及速度測試。以多元迴歸（Multivariate Multiple Linear Regression，MMLR）探討影響網球選手發球技能（準度及速度）的預測變項。結果：在平衡能力與準度方面：靜態睜眼時慣用腳之擺盪長度；靜態閉眼時慣用腳之擺盪面積、水平擺盪及垂直擺盪達顯著差異（p＜.05）。在平衡能力與球速方面：靜態閉眼時非慣用腳之擺盪面積及水平擺盪達顯著差異（p＜.05）。結論：本研究發現慣用腳與發球的準度有關，非慣用腳與發球的速度有關，當斷絕視覺線索時，平衡能力全靠下肢本體感覺能力及前庭覺的輸入，慣用腳的擺盪面積、水平擺盪與垂直擺盪越小，可提昇發球的準度；非慣用腳的水平擺盪越小亦可提昇發球之球速。Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between balance ability and serve skills for collegiate tennis players. Methods: Twenty collegiate tennis players were participated in this study. The static balance and dynamic balance were measured by Zebris force platform. The serve skill including serve speed and accuracy was measured by using Rader Gun during 30 serves performed. Multivariate Multiple Linear Regression was used to examine. Results: There had significant relationship between length track of COP in serve accuracy during static support-leg stand with eyes opened condition, swing area, horizontal deviation and vertical deviation of COP in serve accuracy during static support-leg stand with eyes closed condition. There had significant relationship between swing area and horizontal deviation of COP in serve speed during static nonsupport-leg stand with eyes closed condition. Conclusion: The significant relationship was identified between serve accuracy in support-leg of players, as well as between serve speed in nonsupport-leg of players. The study revealed the neuromuscular control of lower extremities and vestibular input would affect the balance ability when players blind the visual input. The decrease in swing area, horizontal deviation and vertical deviation of support-leg would increase the serve accuracy. The decrease in horizontal deviation of nonsupport-leg would improve the serve speed.