急性健身運動對認知功能的影響事件相關電位的文獻回顧

Effects of Acute Exercise on Cognitive Function: A Review of event-related Potentials

目的：藉由事件相關電位的視角，回顧急性健身運動對認知功能的影響，以及簡述事件相關電位成分，並將過去文獻研究設計的異同做整理與分析。本文選取文獻之方法是對相關文獻進行篩選，並以特定事件相關電位成分作為主軸，就過去研究在實驗設計、參與者、健身運動介入、認知作業等因素或調節因子做論述。討論：研究發現急性健身運動對事件相關電位有正面效益，然其效應會受研究設計或調節因子的影響而產生差異。具體而言，研究皆採取前實驗或準實驗設計，而在族群與健身運動型態上則著重在健康成人與有氧型態的健身運動；中等強度的急性健身運動對晚期與內因性成分較有影響，然對於早期、外因性與反應鎖定成分的效應則較有限。此外，認知測驗的施測時間點可建立在不同理論基礎，而認知作業則從經典的區辨作業轉換至高級執行功能的類別。結語：事件相關電位為急性健身運動研究提供深入且客觀探索大腦內隱機轉的另類取向，然有鑑於該議題的年輕性與研究設計的多樣化，未來研究仍需要進行後續探究。Purpose: To review the effects of acute exercise on cognitive function from event-related potential perspective. In addition, the brief description of event-related potential components is introduced and the integration and analysis of past literatures based upon their research characteristics are discussed. Research was examined and screened, and then included literatures were coded and analyzed based upon their experiment designs, participants, exercise interventions, cognitive tasks, and event-related potential components. Discussion: Most research demonstrated positive effects on event-related potential components; however, the range of influences will necessarily be moderated based upon diversity of research designs and moderators. Specifically, research emphasized on pre-experimental and quasi-experimental designs and emphasized effects on populations of healthy adults and aerobic type exercises. While it was found that acute moderate exercise intensity has a positive effect on late and endogenous components, it has limited effects on early, exogenous and response-locked components. Additionally, results of the timing (for the assessing of cognitive tasks) might be explained by different theories. Lastly, in terms of cognitive tasks, research has shifted classical discrimination tasks to executive functions, a higher level of cognitive category. Conclusion: Event-related potential provides an alternative and objective approach to examine the effects of acute exercise on underlying brain mechanisms. Nevertheless, being a recent topic with varied research deigns, problems and questions yet to be solved may be pinpointed in the future.