美國職業網球教練協會（USPTR）執照教練之有效指導行為

The effective coaching behaviors for the certified coaches of Unite States Professional Tennis Registry

目的：本研究目的在暸解美國職業網球教練協會（USPTR）執照教練之有效指導行為。方法：本研究採質性研究法，以國內兩位具USPTR執照之教練為研究對象，採半結構式訪談、參與觀察六週、及文件分析等方式蒐集資料，使用開放性編碼、主軸編碼，不斷比較、歸納、與分析。結果：具USPTR執照教練的有效指導行為包括：指導計畫、指導策略、指導評量、及指導氣氛等層面。指導計畫層面包括：指導目標和教材內容；指導策略層面包括：講解及示範清晰、輪站式練習、高練習量、個別差異、激勵、及學習安全等。指導評量層面包括：糾正與回饋、讚美。指導氣氛層面包括：教練期待、課室管理、及教練熱忱等。結論：本研究釐清USPTR執照教練之指導行為內涵及其概念，可提升網球教練的指導品質，幫助學生有效學習。Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the effective coaching behaviors for the certified coaches of Unite States Professional Tennis Registry (PTR). Methods: Based on the qualitative methods, two certified coaches of USPTR in Taiwan were interviewed by using semi-structured interviews document analysis, and then actual coaching situation was observed for six weeks by participation observation. All of information was rearranged, induced, compared, and analyzed. Results: The results of this study indicated that the main concepts of the effective coaching behaviors for the USPTR coaches were included coaching plans, coaching strategy, coaching evaluation, and coaching atmosphere. The coaching plans were included coaching objectives and coaching materials. The coaching strategies were included clear demonstration and explanation, the practice by turns, high practice volume, individual difference, encouragement, and learn safely. The coaching evaluations were included praise, and movements correct and feedbacks. The coaching atmosphere was included coach expectancy, class managements, and discipline enthusiasm. Conclusion: This study showed clearly the important contents and concepts of the effective coaching behaviors for the USPTR coaches those could contribute to improve the coaching quality and help students to learn effectively.