優秀大專舉重選手抓舉發力期之上肢動作分析

The kinematic analysis of upper limb during the second pull of snatch in elite college weight lifter

目的：透過三維動作分析系統，探討優秀大專舉重選手在發力期時肩、肘關節之運動學變化。方法：以16名優秀的大專舉重隊男子選手為研究對象（20.81±2.01歲，7.25±3.13年舉重經驗），以Motion Analysis System光學動態分析系統（擷取頻率為120Hz），拍攝當日個人最佳抓舉重量90％的負荷，進行三次成功試舉動作影像之擷取，並以EVaRT4.2分析軟體進行抓舉發力期肩、肘關節三維運動學分析，肩關節的額狀面角度（shoulder frontal plan，SF）與矢狀面角度（shoulder sagittal plan，SS）、肘關節的額狀面角度（elbow frontal plan，EF）與矢狀面角度（elbow sagittal plan，ES）均代表不同解剖面之三維相位角。結果：在發力過程中肩關節額狀面角度持續增加也就是處於肩關節外展的狀態，肘關節額狀面角度則是先增加後減少，即由伸展變為屈曲。肩關節矢狀面角度在發力過程中持續增加時，肘關節矢狀面角度則是先增加而後減少，這意謂著參與者的上臂在發力的過程中是有向前逐漸偏離軀幹的情況產生，並且肘部的動作是先伸展而後屈曲。發力期肩關節矢狀面角速度（Ss'）與肩關節額狀面角速度（SF'）有著相同的變化趨勢，肘關節矢狀面與額狀面角速度（Es'，EF'）在變化上都有著相同的變化趨勢。結論：在發力階段肩關節角度均會持續遞增，肘關節角度則會先遞增而後遞減。肩關節角速度均會持續遞增，肘關節角速度則可分為角速度持續遞減，及先遞增然後遞減二種類型。未來可再進一步探討肩、肘關節角度之相關性，並瞭解發力期肩、肘關節角度與槓鈴軌跡偏移量之關係。Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the angle and angular velocity of shoulder and elbow during the second pull of snatch in elite college weight lifter. Methods: Sixteen male elite college weight lifters (age 20.81 ± 2.01 yrs), who have 7.25 ± 3.13 years experiences in weight lifting, participated in this study. Motion Analysis System was to collect three trials in 90% of max weight of snatch motion data and the sampling rate was 120 Hz. Analysis 3D kinematic parameter of shoulder and elbow during the second pull of snatch by EVaRT 4.2 analysis software. Different anatomy plane 3D angle was to describe the shoulder frontal plane angle (SF) and sagittal plane angle (SS) and elbow frontal plane angle (EF) and sagittal plane angle (ES). Results: Shoulder angle in frontal view was increase sustained that was shoulder abduction, elbow angle in frontal view was from increase to decrease that elbow from extension to flexion, in second pull phase of snatch. Shoulder angle in sagittal view was increase sustained, but elbow angle in sagittal view was from increase to decrease in second pull phase of snatch. This result indicated that the upper arm was leaving forward the trunk, and the movement of elbow was from extention to flexion, in second pull phase of snatch. Both of angular velocity of shoulder angle (Ss' and SFs) or elbow angle (ES' and EF') in frontal and sagittal view was having similar change pattern in second pull phase of snatch. Conclusion: Shoulder angle would increase and elbow angle would from increase to decrease in second pull phase of snatch. Angular velocity of shoulder would increase sustained. There were two condition in elbow, one was angular velocity increase sustained, and another was angular velocity from increase to decrease. Further study can investigate the correlation of joint angle in shoulder and elbow to understand the relationship with horizontal offsets of the barbell.