大學生不同運動階段基本心理需求與主觀幸福感之相關研究

The relationship of exercise stages, psychological needs and subjective well-being among college students

目的：探討大學生不同運動階段、基本心理需求與主觀幸福感之間的關係以及不同運動階段中基本心理需求與主觀幸福感的差異情形。方法：本研究參與者為大學生431名（男生169名，女生262名），平均為19.91歲。研究方法採用問卷調查法，經講解後，請參與者填寫一份量表，測量參與者平日運動的狀況、基本心理需求與主觀幸福感的程度。結果：一、主觀幸福感與運動階段及基本心理需求皆有顯著的正相關。二、受試者在不同的運動階段中有顯著差異，運動階段越高，主觀幸福感也越高；不同運動階段的基本心理需求有顯著差異，運動階段越高，自主性、勝任感與關係感也越高。結果發現性別差異存在，男生運動的情形較女生來得高且男生在自主性上高於女生，而女生在關係感上高於男生。結論：運動階段、基本心理需求與主觀幸福感之間具有很高的關聯性，運動的階段越高，幸福感與三大心理需求的滿足程度也越高，但要注意運動階段與心理需求上的性別差異。Purpose: Investigate the relationship between exercise stages, psychological needs and subjective well-being as well as the differences of psychological needs and subjective well-being in various exercise stages. Method: The participants were 431 college students (169 males, 262females) recruited from different universities in Taiwan. Average age was 19.91 years old. After the participants agreed, let them write a questionnaire to measure their exercise stages, level of psychological needs and subjective well-being. Results: First, there were significant correlations between subjective well-being, exercise stages and psychological needs. Second, there were significant differences between different exercise stages, more well-being in higher stages. There were significant differences between psychological needs in different stages, more feeling of autonomy, competence and relatedness in higher stages. Nevertheless, gender differences were found, males did more exercise and had more feelings of autonomy, but females had more feelings of relatedness. Conclusion: There are high connections between exercise, psychological needs and subjective well-being, but we should notice the gender differences in various exercise stages and psychological needs.