以分析層級程序法對臺灣衝浪場地的評估與選擇

Using analytical hierarchy process to evaluate and select the surfing sites in Taiwan

近年來，臺灣的水域運動日漸盛行，對於衝浪運動而言，如何評選和規劃一個完善的衝浪場地，已成為海洋運動發展的重要議題。目的：本研究主要結合質化與量化的分析，對臺灣衝浪場地進行評估與排序。方法：首先利用德菲法確立臺灣衝浪場地之五大評估準則，包括「地理環境因素」、「氣候因素」、「安全因素」、「交通因素」和「社會因素」，並挑選出15個具開發潛力的衝浪場地。接著，根據五大評估準則，利用分析層級程序法分析數據並計算權重，進行衝浪場地之評比與排序。結果：根據層級分析法發展出來的結果，墾丁南灣為最適合發展衝浪運動的地點，宜蘭烏石港則排行第二，佳樂水排行第三。另外，藉由一致性指標的建立與檢定，確立了本研究結果的可信度。結論：本研究所使用之多準則決策方法及實證分析結果，可改善過去研究使用主觀或單一準則的評估缺點，且可以有效地協助衝浪愛好者和海域運動規劃人員評估臺灣的衝浪環境，做為研擬海洋運動政策之參考。In recent years, aquatic sport is progressively blooming in Taiwan, especially for surfing. How to search and plan a well-arranged surfing site has become an important issue for the aquatic sport development. Purpose: This study linked qualitative and quantitative analysis to evaluate and rank the surfing sites in Taiwan. Methods: Firstly, Delphi method was used to establish five primary criteria, such as geography, climate, safety, traffic, and society, and to select fifteen potential surfing sites. Aanalytical hierarchy process (AHP) was further employed to develop numerical scores and weights, so as to rank each surfing site in Taiwan. Results: Based on these results developed by AHP, South Bay should be selected as the most suitable site for developing surfing, with Wu Shih Gang ranked second, Jia Le Shuei third. In addition, the overall AHP consistency was also examined to identify the reliability of the results. Conclusion: The proposed multi-criteria decision making method and empirical results could effectively identify and enlighten the hobbyist of surfing and aquatic sport planner about how to evaluate Taiwan's surfing sites as the reference and the base of developing aquatic sport policy instead of just a single criterion.