嘉義地區大學新生運動參與程度與心理適應能力關係之探討

Relationship between the Degree of Exercise Participation and Mental Fitness for University Freshmen in Chiayi Area

本研究主要目的在探討運動參與程度與心理適應能力之關係。本研究以能量消耗測量之運動參與程度量表及自編之心理適應能力量表，施測於嘉義地區的大學新生，其中有效樣本為924份（佔85﹪）。本研究結果顯示，「高」運動參與程度者具有較高的自我肯定、生活滿意度、自我調適力及較低的焦慮程度，而自我肯定隨運動參與程度的增加而增強，焦慮隨運動參與程度的增加而減低，其可作為運動對心理適應能力促進的指標。再者，「中高」運動參與者在情緒障礙、消極心態、沮喪的負面指數最低。顯示「中高」程度以上的運動參與者的負面情緒較低。整體言之，「低」程度的運動參與者其心理適應能力最低。另外，研究發現從事規律運動者的正面指標，包括自我肯定、積極進取心及自我調適力等三個因素皆優於無規律運動者，而在負面指標中的焦慮因素上，規律運動者亦明顯低於無規律運動者。整體而言，規律且適度運動參與者擁有較佳的心理適應能力。The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the degree of exercise participation and the factors of mental fitness among university freshmen in Chiayi area. Based on the metabolic equivalent (MET) measure method of exercise participation degree and the questionnaires of mental fitness were used in the present study. The effective sample size was 924 (85%). The results showed that when students were engaged in the high degree of exercise participation, they performed much better than those who engaged in the low degree of exercise participation in self-assurance, life satisfaction, self-adjustment and decrease anxiety (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the results of this study showed that the more exercise participation, the better in self-assurance and the less in anxiety. Therefore, the degree of self-assurance and anxiety might be used to evaluate the improvement of mental fitness derived from exercise participation. On the other hand, students engaged in the middle-high degree of exercise participation were lower than the others in emotional disturbances, passive mood and depression (p < 0.05). Then, students engaged in the high degree of exercise participation were lower than the others in anxiety. This indicated that the students showing middle-high and high degree of exercise participation had high mental fitness. Overall, low degree of exercise participation resulted in the worst mental fitness. In contrast, students who exercised regularly were significantly better (p < 0.05) than those who did not exercise regularly in self-assurance, aggressiveness and self-adjustment. Further, there were significant differences between the two groups in anxiety (p < 0.05). In conclusion, students who exercise regularly and appropriately were better than those who did not exercise regularly and appropriately in mental fitness.