服用麻黃後尿液中麻黃生物鹼之排出情形

Excretion of Urinary Ephedrine Alkaloids after Administering Mahwang

中藥麻黃是一種麻黃科植物的草質莖，臨床上用於治療發燒、頭痛、鼻塞與咳嗽；其主要成分之一為國際奧林匹克委員會的禁用藥物－麻黃生物鹼，因此服用麻黃之濃縮中藥製劑可能會違反運動禁藥之規定。本研究之目的在探討服用麻黃後尿液中麻黃生物鹼的濃度及累積排除情形；研究以6位健康受試者為對象，給予單次服用0.6公克之麻黃濃縮中藥製劑後，收集其48小時的尿液，以高效液相層析儀分析其中之麻黃生物鹼。結果顯示單次服用廠商建議量的麻黃濃縮中藥製劑後，尿液中會有運動禁藥成份（包括麻黃、去甲麻黃、假麻黃及去甲假麻黃）出現，各種麻黃生物鹼的濃度大約在服藥後12小時會達到最高，並在48小時後完全排除；排泄速率則以前12小時最快，24～48小時間則極為緩慢。尿液中的麻黃生物鹼以麻黃{^FA43^}最多，其最高濃度為6.19±1.85（g／mL，並不會呈現運動禁藥之陽性反應；但若因病多次服藥後，則仍有可能使尿液呈現運動禁藥之陽性反應，運動員在賽期應避免服用。Ephedrae Herba is the stem of Ephedrae and can attenuate the symptoms of fever, headache, stuffy nose and cough. However, the major compositions of Ephedrae Herba are ephedrine alkaloids, which are forbidden by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Thus, if athletes take traditional Chinese medicine containing Ephedrae Herba, they may violate the rule of IOC. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration and accumulation of urinary ephedrine alkaloids after administering Mahwang. Six healthy volunteers took one single dose of 0.6 g Mahwang, all urine was collected for 48 hours. Urinary ephedrine alkaloids were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that ephedrine, norephedrine, pseudoephedrine and norpseudoephedrine do excrete in urine after taking one single dose of Mahwang. Urinary ephedrine alkaloids appeared the peak amount at the 12th hour, and eliminated at the 48th hour. The excretion rate rose quickly within twelve hours and slowed down during 24 to 48 hours. Moreover, Ephedrine was the most ephedrine alkaloid in urine and the highest concentration was 6.19±1.85 (g/mL. The urine won't show positive result after taking Mahwang in this study. But athletes should be careful with taking more than one time of Mahwang.