職業與業餘棒球選手知覺教練領導行為對滿意度之研究

The Relationship Between Coaches' Leadership Behavior and Satisfaction of Professional and Amateur League Baseball Players

本研究的目的在於：（1）比較職業與業餘甲組棒球選手知覺教練領導行為、喜好教練領導行為滿意度之差異情形，（2）探討職業與業餘甲組棒球選手知覺教練領導行為對滿意度之預測情形，（3）探討職業棒球與業餘甲組選手知覺與喜好教練領導行為之差異情形。統計方法為獨立樣本t考驗、重複量數t考驗及多元逐步迴歸分析等。本研究之受試者為中華職業棒球聯盟四支球隊（83人）與業餘甲組棒球四隊（88人），職業隊平均年齡為27.43±4.76歲、平均球齡為15.37±5.63年、平均隊齡2.81±2.80年；甲組球隊平均年齡為20.31±1.83歲、平均球齡為9.86±2.41年、平均隊齡1.55±1.22年。本研究以「教練領導行為量表」及「滿意度量表」為研究工具。所得資料經統計分析後，獲得下列結果：（1）職業與業餘甲組選手在「知覺民主行為」、「知覺專制行為」、「知覺社會支持」、「知覺正面回饋」、「滿意度」等方面達顯著差異。（2）在職業選手方面「知覺訓練與指導」及「知覺民主行為」是滿意度的主要預測變項；而在業餘甲組選手方面則是「知覺訓練與指導」及「知覺正面回饋」。其中以「知覺訓練與指導」皆為職業與業餘甲組選手最大的預測力。（3）職業與業餘甲組選手在「知覺訓練與指導」、「知覺民主行為」、「知覺社會支持」及「知覺正面回饋」等四個向度上，選手知覺的顯著低於喜好的。而在「知覺專制行為」上，選手知覺的則高於喜好的。The purposes of this study were (1) to compare the differences between professional and amateur baseball players on perceived coaches' leadership behavior, preferred coaches' leadership behavior and satisfaction; (2) to investigate the relationship between professional and amateur baseball players on perceived coaches' leadership behavior and satisfaction; (3) to explore the effect of perceived coaches' leadership behavior of baseball players in predictin satisfaction and (4) to investigate the differences of perceived and preferred coaches' leadership behavior between professional and amateur baseball players. Statistics of independent t-test, repeated t-test and stepwise multi-regression were applied in this study. The subjects in this study were chosen from players of 4 professional teams (Chinese Professional Baseball League) and 4 amateur teams (Amateur Baseball League). The average age, playing experience and professional team experience of professional players were 27.43±4.76, 15.37±5.63 and 2.81±2.80 years, respectively, whereas the average age, playing experience and amateur team experience of their amateur counterparts were 20.31±1.83, 9.86±2.41 and 1.55±1.22 years, respectively. All subjects completed 'The Leadership Scale of Sport, LSS' and a 'Satisfaction Questionnaire'. The results after statistics were as follows: (1) There were significant differences between professional and amateur baseball players on 'perceived democratic behavior', 'perceived autocratic behavior', 'perceived social support', 'perceived positive feedback' and 'satisfaction'. (2) 'Perceived training and instruction' and 'perceived democratic behavior' were principle predictors of satisfaction for professional players whereas 'perceived training and instruction' and 'perceived positive feedback' were principle predictors for amateur players. 'Perceived training and instruction' appeared most powerful in predicting satisfaction for both professional and amateur players. (3) Both professional and amateur players appeared less 'perceived' than 'preferred' on 4 dimensions of 'perceived training and instruction', 'perceived democratic behavior', 'perceived social support' and 'perceived positive feedback'. However, players perceived more than preferred on 'perceived autocratic behavior'.